Contents

Executive Summary

1 Introduction

1.1 Background

1.2 Project Description                                                            

1.3 Scope of the EM&A Report

1.4 Project Organisation

1.5 Summary of Construction Works

1.6 Summary of EM&A Programme Requirements

1.7 Status of Statutory Environmental Compliance with the Environmental Permit

1.8 Status of Other Statutory Environmental Requirements

2 EM&A Results

2.1 Air Quality Monitoring

2.2 Noise Monitoring

2.3 Water Quality Monitoring

2.4 Landfill Gas Monitoring

2.5 Landscape and Visual Monitoring

2.6 EM&A Site Inspection

2.7 Waste Management Status

2.8 Implementation Status of Environmental Mitigation Measures

2.9 Summary of Exceedances of the Environmental Quality Performance Limit

2.10 Summary of Complaints, Notification of Summons and Successful Prosecutions

3 Conclusion and Recommendation

Annexes

Annex A   Work Programme

Annex B   Environmental Mitigation Implementation Schedule

Annex C   Monitoring Schedule for This Reporting Period

Annex D   Air Quality
Annex D1 24-hour TSP Monitoring Results
Annex D2 Event and Action Plan for Air Quality Monitoring
Annex D3 Meteorological Data

Annex D4 Odour Monitoring Results

Annex D5 Thermal Oxidizer, Landfill Gas Flare and Landfill Gas Generator Stack Emission Monitoring Results

Annex D6 Ambient VOCs, Ammonia and H2S Monitoring Results

Annex D7 Investigation Reports of Environmental Quality Limit Exceedance

Annex E   Noise
Annex E1 Noise Monitoring Results
Annex E2 Event and Action Plan for Noise Monitoring

Annex F   Water Quality
Annex F1 Surface Water Quality Monitoring Results
Annex F2 Event and Action Plan for Water Quality Monitoring
Annex F3 Leachate Levels Monitoring Results

Annex F4 Effluent Quality Monitoring Results

Annex F5 Groundwater Monitoring Results

Annex F6 Investigation Reports of Environmental Quality Limit Exceedance

Annex G  Landfill Gas
Annex G1 Landfill Gas Monitoring Locations for Service Voids, Utilities and Manholes Along the Site Boundary and Within the SENTX Site

Annex G2 Landfill Gas Monitoring Results
Annex G3 Event and Action Plan for Landfill Gas Monitoring

Annex G4 Investigation Reports of Environmental Quality Limit Exceedance

Annex H   Cumulative Statistics on Exceedances, Environmental Complaints, Notification of Summons and Status of Prosecutions

Executive Summary

The SENT Landfill Extension (SENTX) forms an integral part in the Strategic Plan in maintaining the continuity of landfill capacity in the Hong Kong for the cost-effective and environmentally satisfactory disposal of waste.  ERM-Hong Kong, Limited (ERM) is commissioned to undertake the role of Environmental Team (ET) for the construction, operation/restoration and aftercare of SENTX Project (“the Project”) in accordance with the requirements specified in the Environmental Permit (EP), updated Environmental Monitoring and Audit (EM&A) Manual, the approved Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report of the Project taking account of the latest design and other relevant statutory requirements.  The construction (not including works related to site clearance and preparation) and operation of the Project commenced on 2 January 2019 and 21 November 2021, respectively.

This Annual EM&A Report presents the EM&A works carried out during the period from 1 January to 31 December 2022 for the Project in accordance with the updated EM&A Manual. 

Exceedance of Action and Limit Levels for Air Quality

Two exceedances of the Action and Limit Levels for dust (TSP), two exceedances of the Limit Level for landfill gas flare stack emission (SO2) and one exceedance of Limit Level for landfill gas flare stack emission (Benzene) were recorded for air quality monitoring in the reporting period.

The TSP exceedance at AM2 on 29 July 2022 was considered Project-related while the exceedance at AM4 on 29 July 2022 was considered non Project-related upon further investigation.

The landfill gas flare stack emission (SO2) exceedances on 14 October 2022 and 17 November 2022 and landfill gas flare stack emission (Benzene) exceedance on 13 December 2022 were considered Project-related upon further investigation.

Exceedance of Action and Limit Levels for Noise

No exceedance of Action and Limit Levels for operation/ restoration phase noise monitoring was recorded in the reporting period.

Exceedance of Action and Limit Levels for Water Quality

Eight exceedances of the Limit Level for groundwater (Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)), three exceedances of the Limit Level for surface water (suspended solid (SS)), sixteen exceedances of the Limit Level for leachate level and one exceedance of Limit Level for leachate quality (Chromium) were recorded for water quality impact monitoring in the reporting period.

The SS exceedances at DP4 on 25 May 2022, 30 June 2022 and 8 July 2022 were found deemed to Project-related activities and weekly surface water quality (SS) monitoring has been commenced since June 2022.  The additional surface water monitoring results (SS) at DP4 on 15 July 2022 complied with the Limit Level as stipulated in the updated EM&A Manual and the weekly surface water monitoring (SS) at DP4 was terminated.

The groundwater (COD) exceedances at MWX-4 and MWX-6 on 15 February 2022, at MWX-4 on 15 March 2022, at MWX-4, MWX5 and MWX6 on 11 April 2022 and at MWX-7 on 18 August 2022 and 6 September 2022 were considered non Project-related upon further investigation.

The leachate level exceedances at Pump Station No. 4X from 12 August to 20 August 2022, from 30 September 2022 to 3 October 2022 and from 3 November 2022 to 4 November 2022, and at Pump Station No. 3X on 3 November 2022 were considered Project-related upon further investigation. 

The leachate quality (Chromium) exceedance on 6 December 2022 was considered Project-related upon further investigation.

Exceedance of Action and Limit Levels for Landfill Gas

Two exceedances of the Limit Level for methane were recorded for perimeter landfill gas monitoring in the reporting period.  The landfill gas (methane) exceedances at LFG6 on 17 May 2022 and at LFG13 on 3 October 2022 were considered non Project-related upon further investigation.

Environmental Complaints, Summons and Prosecutions

There were no complaints, notification of summons or prosecution recorded in the reporting period.

Reporting Change

There was no reporting change in the reporting period.

1 Introduction

1.1 Background

The SENT Landfill Extension (SENTX) forms an integral part in the Strategic Plan in maintaining the continuity of landfill capacity in the Hong Kong for the cost-effective and environmentally satisfactory disposal of waste.  The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report and the associated Environmental Monitoring and Audit (EM&A) Manual for the construction, operation, restoration and aftercare of the SENTX (hereafter referred to as “the Project”) have been approved under the Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance (EIAO) in May 2008 (Register No.: AEIAR-117/2008) (hereafter referred to as the approved EIA Report) and an Environmental Permit (EP-308/2008) (EP) was granted by the Director of Environmental Protection (DEP) on 5 August 2008. 

Since then, applications for Variation of an Environmental Permit (No. VEP-531/2017) were submitted to EPD and the Variation of Environmental Permits (EP-308/2008/A and EP-308/2008/B) were granted on 6 January 2012 and 20 January 2017, respectively, as the Hong Kong SAR Government has decided to reduce the scale of the design scheme of SENTX assessed in the approved EIA Report and SENTX will only receive construction waste.  In May 2018, a Further Environmental Permit (FEP) (FEP-01/308/2008/B) was granted to the SENTX’s contractor, Green Valley Landfill, Limited (GVL).

ERM-Hong Kong, Limited (ERM) and Meinhardt Infrastructure and Environment Limited (Meinhardt) are commissioned to undertake the roles of Environmental Team (ET) and the Independent Environmental Checker (IEC), respectively, to undertake the EM&A activities for the Project in accordance with the requirements specified in the EP, updated EM&A Manual ^([1]), approved EIA Report ^([2]) taking account of the latest design and other relevant statutory requirements.

1.2 Project Description

The SENTX is a piggyback landfill, occupying the southern part of the existing SENT Landfill (including its infrastructure area) and 13 ha of Tseung Kwan O (TKO) Area 137.  A layout plan of the SENTX is shown in Figure 1.1.  Under the latest design, the SENTX has a net void capacity of about 6.5 Mm³ and provides an additional lifespan of about 6 years, commencing operation upon exhaustion of the SENT Landfill.  The SENTX will receive construction waste only.

The key implementation milestones of the Project are indicatively summarised in Table 1.1.  The construction works and operation of the Project commenced on 2 January 2019 and 21 November 2021, respectively.  

Table 1.1        Estimated Key Dates of Implementation Programme

Key Stage of the Project	Indicative Date
Start construction	2 January 2019
Commissioning of new infrastructure facilities	2020
Demolition of existing infrastructure facilities	2021
Start waste intake at SENTX	21 November 2021
Estimated exhaustion date of SENTX	2027
End of aftercare for SENTX	2057

The major construction works of the SENTX includes:

· Site formation at the TKO Area 137 and the existing infrastructure area at SENT Landfill;

· Construction of surface and groundwater drainage systems;

· Construction of the leachate containment and collection systems;

· Construction of new leachate and landfill gas treatment facilities, site offices, maintenance yards at the new infrastructure area;

· Construction of new pipelines to transfer the leachate and landfill gas collected from the existing SENT Landfill to the treatment facilities at the new infrastructure area;

· Construction of the site access and new waste reception facilities; and

· Demolition of the facilities at the existing SENT Landfill infrastructure area.

1.3 Scope of the EM&A Report

This is the Annual EM&A Report for the Project which summarises the key findings of the EM&A programme during the reporting period from 1 January to 31 December 2022 for the operation works.

1.4 Project Organisation

The organisation structure of the Project is presented in Figure 1.2. 

Figure 1.2      Organisation Chart

Contact details of the key personnel are summarized in Table 1.2 below.

Table 1.2        Contact Information of Key Personnel

Party	Position	Name	Telephone
Contractor (Green Valley Landfill Limited)	Project Manager	Carl Lai	2706 8829
Environmental Team (ET) (ERM-Hong Kong, Limited)	ET Leader	Terence Fong	2271 3156
Independent Environmental Checker (IEC) (Meinhardt Infrastructure and Environment Limited)	IEC	Claudine Lee	2859 5409

1.5 Summary of Construction Works

The programme of the construction is shown in Annex A.  As informed by the Contractor, the major works carried out in this reporting period include:

January 2022

· Rectification of defects at Landfill Gas (LFG) Plant, Leachate Treatment Plant (LTP), infrastructure area and waste reception area;

· Rectification of defects for underground utilities and pipe;

· Construction of pump house 4X;

· Construction of MSE wall;

· Site formation for Cell 4X;

· Liner works at Cell 4X; and

· Maintenance and improvement of temporary surface water drainage.

February 2022

· Rectification of defects at LFG Plant, LTP, infrastructure area and waste reception area;

· Rectification of defects for underground utilities and pipe;

· Construction of MSE wall;

· Site formation for Cell 4X;

· Liner works at Cell 4X;

· Construction of perimeter channel along Western bund of Cell 4X; and

· Maintenance and improvement of temporary surface water drainage.

March 2022

· Rectification of defects at LFG Plant, LTP, infrastructure area and waste reception area;

· Landscaping works at infrastructure area;

· Rectification of defects for underground utilities and pipe;

· Construction of MSE wall;

· Construction of retaining wall at Western boundary planting;

· Liner works at Cell 4X;

· Construction of perimeter channel X10A and X10C along Western bund of Cell 4X;

· Maintenance and improvement of temporary surface water drainage; and

Utilities installation along Western bund of Cell 4X.

April 2022

· Rectification of defects at Landfill Gas (LFG) Plant, Leachate Treatment Plant (LTP), infrastructure area and waste reception area;

· Landscaping works at infrastructure area;

· Rectification of defects for underground utilities and pipe;

· Construction of MSE wall;

· Construction of retaining wall at Western boundary planting;

· Liner works at Cell 4X;

· Construction of perimeter channel X10A and X10C along Western bund of Cell 4X;

· Maintenance and improvement of temporary surface water drainage; and

· Utilities installation along Western bund of Cell 4X.

May 2022

· Rectification of defects at Landfill Gas (LFG) Plant, Leachate Treatment Plant (LTP), infrastructure area and waste reception area;

· Landscaping works at infrastructure area;

· Rectification of defects for underground utilities and pipe, road pavement of EVA along Western Bund from main entrance to infrastructure;

· Construction of road pavement on top of the MSE wall;

· Construction of Cell 4X and SENT tie in area;

· Construction of perimeter channel X10A and X10C along Western bund of Cell 4X;

· Maintenance and improvement of temporary surface water drainage;

· Deployment of liner at Buttress Wall area;

· Equipment installation at Sump House 4; and

· Utilities installation along Western bund of Cell 4X.

June 2022

· Rectification of defects at Landfill Gas (LFG) Plant, Leachate Treatment Plant (LTP), infrastructure area and waste reception area;

· Landscaping works at infrastructure area;

· Rectification of defects for underground utilities and pipe;

· Construction of road pavement on top of the MSE wall;

· Construction of Cell 4X and SENT tie in area;

· Construction of perimeter channel X10A and X10C along Western bund of Cell 4X;

· Maintenance and improvement of temporary surface water drainage;

· Deployment of liner at Buttress Wall area;

· Equipment installation at Sump House 4; and

· Utilities installation along Western bund of Cell 4X.

July 2022

· Rectification of defects at Landfill Gas (LFG) Plant, Leachate Treatment Plant (LTP), infrastructure area and waste reception area;

· Landscaping works at infrastructure area;

· Rectification of defects for underground utilities and pipe;

· Construction of road pavement on top of the MSE wall;

· Construction of Cell 4X and SENT tie in area;

· Construction of perimeter channel X10A and X10C along Western bund of Cell 4X;

· Maintenance and improvement of temporary surface water drainage; and

· Rectification of utilities installation along Western bund of Cell 4X.

August 2022

· Rectification of defects at LFG Plant, LTP, infrastructure area and waste reception area;

· Landscaping works at infrastructure area;

· Rectification of defects for underground utilities and pipe;

· Construction of Cell 4X and SENT tie in area;

· Construction of road pavement at diesel fuel tank and installation of railing;

· Construction of road pavement at Western perimeter bund;

· Maintenance and improvement of temporary surface water drainage; and

· Rectification of utilities installation along Western bund of Cell 4X.

September 2022

· Rectification of defects at LFG Plant, LTP, infrastructure area and waste reception area;

· Landscaping works at infrastructure area;

· Rectification of defects for underground utilities and pipe;

· Construction of Cell 4X and SENT tie in area and rock wall;

· Deployment of liner at cell 4X and SENT tie in area;

· Installation of GMS frame for roof planter at roof floor of GVL , EPD and lab building;

· Construction of concrete plinth for pump and concrete kerb for inlet box at the top of diesel fuel tank;

· Maintenance and improvement of temporary surface water drainage; and

· Rectification of utilities installation along Western bund of Cell 4X.

October 2022

· Rectification of defects at Landfill Gas (LFG) Plant, Leachate Treatment Plant (LTP), infrastructure area and waste reception area;

· Installation of roof planter at infrastructure area;

· Rectification of defects for underground utilities and pipe;

· Construction of Cell 4X and SENT tie in area and rock wall;

· Demolition of existing DP3 channel;

· Tree removal at Cell 4X and SENT tie in area;

· Deployment of liner at Cell 4X and SENT tie in area;

· Maintenance and improvement of temporary surface water drainage; and

· Rectification of utilities installation along Western bund of Cell 4X.

November 2022

· Rectification of defects at Landfill Gas (LFG) Plant, Leachate Treatment Plant (LTP), infrastructure area and waste reception area;

· Construction of Cell 4X and SENT tie in area;

· Maintenance and improvement of temporary surface water drainage;

· Rectification of utilities installation along Western bund of Cell 4X;

· Deployment of 1350g/m² non-woven geotextile cushion layer at Cell 4X Buttress Wall 1^st bench; and

· Deployment of 540g/cm² non-woven geotextile, geocomposite, GCL, 60mil HDPE double-textured geomembrane, 80mil HDPE double-textured geomembrane at Cell 4X (tie-in with SENT landfill) at North side.

December 2022

· Rectification of defects at Landfill Gas (LFG) Plant, Leachate Treatment Plant (LTP), infrastructure area and waste reception area;

· Construction of Cell 4X tie-in to SENT and rockwall;

· Construction of Cell 4X overflow weir;

· Maintenance and improvement of temporary surface water drainage; and

· Construction of DP3 leachate pipe connection.

The implementation schedule of the mitigation measures recommended in the Updated EM&A Manual is presented in Annex B.

1.6 Summary of EM&A Programme Requirements

The status for all environmental aspects are presented in Table 1.3.  The EM&A requirements remained unchanged during the reporting period.

Table 1.3        Summary of Status for the Environmental Aspects under the Updated EM&A Manual

Parameters	Status
Air Quality
Baseline Monitoring	The results of baseline air quality monitoring were reported in Baseline Monitoring Report and Pre-operation Baseline Monitoring Report and submitted to EPD under EP Condition 3.3
Impact Monitoring	On-going
Noise
Baseline Monitoring	The results of baseline noise monitoring were reported in Baseline Monitoring Report and submitted to EPD under EP Condition 3.3
Impact Monitoring	On-going
Water Quality
Baseline Monitoring	The results of baseline water quality monitoring were reported in Baseline Monitoring Report and Pre-operation Baseline Monitoring Report and submitted to EPD under EP Condition 3.3
Impact Monitoring	On-going
Landfill Gas
Baseline Monitoring	The results of baseline landfill gas monitoring were reported in Pre-operation Baseline Monitoring Report and submitted to EPD under EP Condition 3.3
Impact Monitoring	On-going
Waste Management
Waste Monitoring	On-going
Landscape and Visual
Baseline Monitoring	The results of baseline landscape and visual monitoring were reported in Baseline Monitoring Report and submitted to EPD under EP Condition 3.3
Construction Phase Audit	On-going
Site Environmental Audit
Regular Site Inspection	On-going
Complaint Hotline and Email Channel	On-going
Environmental Log Book	On-going

Taking into account the operation works, impact monitoring of air quality, noise, water quality, landfill gas and waste management were carried out in the reporting period.  The impact monitoring schedule of air quality, noise, water quality and landfill gas monitoring are provided in Annex C. 

The EM&A programme also involved environmental site inspections and related auditing conducted by the ET for checking the implementation of the required environmental mitigation measures recommended in the approved EIA Report and relevant EP submissions. To promote the environmental awareness and enhance the environmental performance of the contractors, environmental trainings and regular environmental management meetings were conducted during the reporting period, which are summarised as below:

Ÿ Twelve environmental management meetings were held with the Contractor, ER, ET, IEC and EPD on 20 January, 24 February, 24 March, 21 April, 19 May, 23 June, 21 July, 18 August, 15 September, 20 October, 17 November and 15 December 2022; and

Ÿ Environmental toolbox trainings on the following topics were provided by the Contractor to the workers:

Ÿ Site Practice for Waste Reduction in Construction Industry on 4 January 2022;

Ÿ Clean Recycling on 18 January 2022;

Ÿ Quality Powered Mechanical Equipment (QPME) on 9 February 2022;

Ÿ Good Vehicle Maintenance Practices on 23 February 2022;

Ÿ Chemical Waste Handling on 9 March 2022;

Ÿ Green Procurement on 23 March 2022;

Ÿ Persistent Organic Pollutants on 6 April 2022;

Ÿ Mosquito Control on 20 April 2022;

Ÿ Cut Down Construction Dust on 11 May 2022;

Ÿ Indoor Air Quality on 25 May 2022;

Ÿ Trip Ticket System on 8 June 2022;

Ÿ Wastewater Management on 22 June 2022;

Ÿ Illegal Dumping on 6 July 2022;

Ÿ Air Pollution – Dark Smoke on 21 July 2022;

Ÿ Noise Control Ordinance on 11 August 2022;

Ÿ NRMM on 29 August 2022;

Ÿ Waste Reduction on Construction Industry on 7 September 2022;

Ÿ Renewable Energy on 27 September 2022;

Ÿ Good Vehicle Maintenance Practices on 5 October 2022;

Ÿ Mosquito Prevention on 19 October 2022;

Ÿ VOC and Smog on 9 November 2022;

Ÿ QPME on 23 November 2022;

Ÿ Construction Dust on 7 December 2022; and

Ÿ Chemical Waste Handling on 21 December 2022.

The status of statutory environmental compliance with the EP conditions under the EIAO, submission status under the EP and implementation status of the recommended mitigation measures are presented in Table 1.4.  

Table 1.4        Status of Submissions required under the EP and Implementation Status of the recommended Mitigation Measures

EP Condition	Submission / Implementation Status	Status
2.3	Management Organisation of Main Construction Companies	Submitted and accepted by EPD.
2.4	Setting up of Community Liaison Group	Community Liaison Group was set up.
2.5	Submission of Detailed Landfill Gas Hazard Assessment Report	Submitted, and accepted by EPD on 10 January 2019.
2.6	Submission of Restoration and Ecological Enhancement Plan	Submitted to EPD on 28 June 2019.
2.7	Setting up of Trial Nursery	Trial Nursery works was commenced on 28 August 2019.
2.8	Advance Screen Planting	Advance Screen Planting works were completed on 28 June 2019.
2.9	Provision of Multi-layer Composite Liner System	Under implementation.

1.7 Status of Other Statutory Environmental Requirements

The environmental licenses and permits (including EP, Water Pollution Control Ordinance (WPCO) discharge license, registration as a chemical waste producer, and construction noise permit) that are valid in the reporting period are presented in Table 1.5.  No non-compliance with environmental statutory requirements was identified.  

Table 1.5        Status of Statutory Environmental Requirements

Description	Ref No.	Status
Environmental Permit	EP-308/2008	Granted on 5 August 2008
Variation of Environmental Permit	EP-308/2008/A	Granted on 6 January 2012
	EP-308/2008/B	Granted on 20 January 2017
Further Environmental Permit	FEP-01/308/2008/B	Granted on 16 May 2018
Water Discharge License under WPCO (Permit Holder: GVL)	Licence No.: WT00036269-2020	Validity from 21 June 2020 to 30 June 2022
	Licence No.: WT00041447-2022	Validity from 17 June 2022 to 30 June 2024
Billing Account for Disposal of Construction Waste	Chit Account Number: 5001692	Approved on 28 December 2005
Registration as a Chemical Waste Producer (Permit Holder: Chun Wo)	5213-839-C3507-10	Issued on 23 August 2018
Registration as a Chemical Waste Producer (Permit Holder: REC)	5518-839-R2289-06	Issued on 24 October 2019
Registration as a Chemical Waste Producer (Permit Holder: GVL)	5296-839-G2228-01	Issued on 31 December 2015
Construction Noise Permit (Permit Holder: GVL)	GW-RE0990-21	Validity from 6 October 2021 to 5 April 2022
	GW-RE1316-21	Validity from 5 January 2022 to 14 June 2022
	GW-RE0565-22	Validity from 15 June 2022 to 14 December 2022
	GW-RE0956-22	Validity from 23 September 2022 to 14 March 2023
Construction Noise Permit (Permit Holder: Paul Y.)	GW-RE1138-21	Validity from 16 November 2021 to 15 February 2022
	GW-RE0278-22	Validity from 31 March 2022 to 22 September 2022

2 EM&A Results

The EM&A programme for the Project required environmental monitoring for air quality, noise, water quality and landfill gas as well as environmental site inspections for air quality, noise, water quality, landfill gas, waste management, and landscape and visual impacts.  The EM&A requirements and related findings for each component are summarised in the following sections.

2.1 Air Quality Monitoring

2.1.1 Dust Monitoring

Monitoring Requirements and Equipment

According to the updated EM&A Manual of the Project, impact dust monitoring (in term of Total Suspended Particulates (TSP)) was carried out at the four designated locations along the site boundary (i.e. AM1, AM2, AM3 and AM4) during the operation/restoration phase, at a 6-day interval.

The Action and Limit Levels of the air quality monitoring is provided in Table 2.1 below.

Table 2.1        Action and Limit Levels for 24-hour TSP

Monitoring Station	Action Level	Limit Level
AM1 - SENTX Site Boundary (North)	260 µg m-³	260 µg m-³
AM2 - SENTX Site Boundary (West, near DP3)
AM3 - SENTX Site Boundary (West, near RC15)
AM4 - SENTX Site Boundary (West, near EPD building)

High volume air samplers (HVSs) in compliance with the specifications listed under Section 3.2.2 of the updated EM&A Manual were used to measure 24-hour TSP levels at the CEDD dust monitoring stations.  The HVSs were calibrated upon installation and thereafter at bi-monthly intervals to check the validity and accuracy of the results.

The equipment used in the impact air quality monitoring programme and monitoring locations are summarised in Table 2.2 and illustrated in Figure 2.1 respectively.

Table 2.2        Dust Monitoring Details

Monitoring Station	Location	Parameter	Frequency and Duration	Monitoring Dates	Equipment
AM1	SENTX Site Boundary (North)	24-hour TSP	Once every 6 days	6, 12, 18, 24, 30 Jan 2022 5, 11, 17, 23 Feb 2022 1, 7, 13, 19, 25, 31 Mar 2022 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 Apr 2022 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 May 2022 5, 11, 15, 17, 23, 29 Jun 2022 5, 11, 17, 23, 29 Jul 2022 4, 10, 16, 22, 28 Aug 2022 3, 9, 15, 21, 27 Sep 2022 3, 9, 15, 21, 27 Oct 2022 2, 8, 14, 20, 26 Nov 2022 2, 8, 14, 20, 21, 26 Dec 2022	Tisch TE-5170 (S/N: 1190)
AM2	SENTX Site Boundary (West, near DP3)				Tisch TE-5170 (S/N: 1047)
AM3	SENTX Site Boundary (West, near RC15)				Tisch TE-5170 (S/N: 1258)
AM4	SENTX Site Boundary (West, near EPD building)				Tisch TE-5170 (S/N: 1101)

Monitoring Schedule for the Reporting Period

The schedule for air quality monitoring during the reporting period is provided in Annex C.

Results and Observations

The 24-hour TSP monitoring results are summarised in Table 2.3.  The detailed monitoring results and the graphical presentation of the 24-hour TSP monitoring results at each monitoring location are provided in Annex D1.

Table 2.3        Summary of 24-hour TSP Monitoring Results in the Reporting Period

Month	Monitoring Station	24-hr TSP Concentration (µg m^-3)		Action Level  (µg/m^3)	Limit Level  (µg/m^3)
		Average	Range
January 2022	AM1	133	55 – 210	260	260
	AM2	66	32 – 102	260	260
	AM3	150	100 – 218	260	260
	AM4	105	53 – 132	260	260
February 2022	AM1	73	42 – 132	260	260
	AM2	56	32 – 85	260	260
	AM3	100	57 – 140	260	260
	AM4	75	47 – 107	260	260
March 2022	AM1	96	62 – 133	260	260
	AM2	70	39 – 106	260	260
	AM3	163	35 – 224	260	260
	AM4	81	33 – 107	260	260
April 2022	AM1	61	45 – 84	260	260
	AM2	57	46 – 78	260	260
	AM3	133	69 – 169	260	260
	AM4	92	58 – 142	260	260
May 2022	AM1	54	39 – 68	260	260
	AM2	49	24 – 69	260	260
	AM3	83	43 – 127	260	260
	AM4	54	34 – 72	260	260
June 2022	AM1	45	26 – 80	260	260
	AM2	90	56 – 123	260	260
	AM3	113	42 – 198	260	260
	AM4	92	41 – 218	260	260
July 2022	AM1	69	39 – 156	260	260
	AM2	127	43 – 312	260	260
	AM3	119	56 – 241	260	260
	AM4	144	42 – 364	260	260
August 2022	AM1	61	26 – 94	260	260
	AM2	67	36 – 111	260	260
	AM3	95	43 – 150	260	260
	AM4	67	35 – 134	260	260
September 2022	AM1	135	58 – 174	260	260
	AM2	133	69 – 190	260	260
	AM3	195	118 – 252	260	260
	AM4	149	102 – 207	260	260
October 2022	AM1	93	64 - 136	260	260
	AM2	87	71 - 126	260	260
	AM3	134	111 - 194	260	260
	AM4	118	66 - 243	260	260
November 2022	AM1	111	45 - 228	260	260
	AM2	59	33 - 95	260	260
	AM3	83	45 - 126	260	260
	AM4	55	37 - 67	260	260
December 2022	AM1	107	29 - 225	260	260
	AM2	89	34 - 121	260	260
	AM3	124	66 - 180	260	260
	AM4	100	55 - 136	260	260

The major dust sources in the reporting period included fugitive dust emission from exposed area in SENTX, as well as nearby operations of the SENT landfill and the TKO Area 137 Fill Bank.

Action and Limit Levels exceedances were recorded for TSP monitoring in the reporting period and actions in accordance with the Event and Action Plan presented in Annex D2 were undertaken.  Investigation of the Action and Limit Levels exceedances were conducted and the investigation reports are presented in Annex D7.

Based on the investigation conducted for the monitoring event with potential Action and Limit Levels exceedance with the Contractor and the IEC, the TSP exceedance at AM2 on 29 July 2022 was considered Project-related while the exceedance at AM4 on 29 July 2022 was considered non-Project-related. 

The Contractor was reminded to implement all relevant mitigation measures for the construction and operation works and maintain good site practice.  The ET will keep track on the monitoring data and ensure Contractor’s compliance of the environmental requirements.

Meteorological Data

Meteorological data obtained from the SENTX on-site meteorological monitoring station was used for the dust monitoring and is shown in Annex D3.  It is considered that meteorological data obtained at the on-site meteorological monitoring station is representative of the Project area and could be used for the operation/restoration phase dust monitoring programme for the Project.

2.1.2 Odour Monitoring

Monitoring Requirements

According to the updated EM&A Manual of the Project, odour patrol was carried out along the site boundary during the operation/ restoration phase.

During the first month of operation, daily odour patrol (3 times per day) was conducted jointly by the ET and the IEC.  The odour intensity detected was based on that determined by the IEC. In addition, an independent party (ALS Technichem (HK) Pty Ltd.) was appointed to undertake odour patrol together with the ET and IEC three times per week.  During these patrols, the odour intensity detected was based on that determined by the independent third party.

Reduction of odour monitoring frequency from Period 1 (daily, three times per day) to Period 2 (weekly)) was approved by EPD on 4 February 2022. Weekly odour patrol was conducted jointly by the ET and the IEC from 4 February 2022. In addition, an independent party (ALS Technichem (HK) Pty Ltd.) was appointed to undertake odour patrol together with the ET and IEC once every two weeks.

Reduction of odour monitoring frequency from Period 2 (weekly) to Period 3 (monthly) was approved by EPD on 2 June 2022. Monthly odour patrol was conducted jointly by the ET and the IEC from 28 June 2022. In addition, an independent party (ALS Technichem (HK) Pty Ltd.) was appointed to undertake odour patrol together with the ET and IEC quarterly. 

The Action and Limit Levels for odour patrol is provided in Table 2.4 below.

Table 2.4        Action and Limit Levels for Odour Patrol

Parameter	Action Level	Limit Level
Perceived odour intensity and odour complaints	· Odour intensity ≥ Class 2 recorded; or · One documented complaint received	· Odour intensity ≥ Class 3 recorded on 2 consecutive patrol ^(a) (b)
Notes: (a) i.e. either Class 3-strong or Class 4-extreme odour intensity. (b) The exceedances of the odour intensity do not need to be recorded at the same location.

Odour patrol was conducted by trained personnel / competent persons with a specific sensitivity to a reference odour (i.e. on reference materials n-butanol with the concentration of 50ppm in nitrogen (v/v)) in compliance with Section 3.7.2 of the updated EM&A Manual patrolling and sniffing along the SENTX Site boundary to detect any odour.

The odour monitoring programme and patrol route are summarised in Table 2.5 and illustrated in Figure 2.2 respectively.

Table 2.5        Odour Monitoring Details

Patrol Locations	Parameters	Patrol Frequency ^(a)	Monitoring Dates and Time
Patrol along the SENTX Site Boundary (Checkpoints OP1 – OP17)	Odour Intensity (see Table 2.6)	Period 1 - First month of operation Daily, three times a day in the morning, afternoon and evening/night (between 18:00 and 22:00 hrs) conducted by the ET and the IEC Three times per week on different days conducted by an independent third party together with the ET and IEC ^(b) Period 2 - Three months following period 1 ^(c) Weekly conducted by the ET and the IEC Once every two weeks conducted by an independent third party together with the ET and IEC ^(b) Period 3 - Throughout operation following period 2 ^(c) Monthly conducted by the ET and the IEC Quarterly conducted by an independent third party together with the ET and IEC ^(b)	Conducted by ET & IEC: 1 – 31 Jan 2022 1 – 4, 18, 28 Feb 2022 7, 16, 21, 29 Mar 2022 12, 25 Apr 2022 10, 23 May 2022 22 Jul 2022 22 Aug 2022 13 Oct 2022 24 Nov 2022 Conducted by an independent third party, ET & IEC: 1, 7, 10, 12, 14, 17, 18, 19, 24, 25, 27, 31 Jan 2022 4, 11, 21 Feb 2022 7, 21 Mar 2022 7, 22 Apr 2022 4, 17, 30 May 2022 28 Jun 2022 15 Sep 2022 13 Dec 2022
Notes: (a) Reduction of monitoring frequency will be subject to the monitoring results to demonstrate environmentally acceptable performance. (b) Patrol shall be scheduled so that they are carried out together with the patrols to be carried out jointly by the ET and the IEC. (c) Commencement of each period will be justified by the ET Leader and verified by the IEC and will be subject to agreement with the EPD (EIAO Authority) and Project Proponent.

Table 2.6        Odour Intensity Level

Class	Odour Intensity	Description
0	Not Detected	No odour perceived or an odour so weak that it cannot be easily characterised or described.
1	Slight	Identified odour, slight
2	Moderate	Identified odour, moderate
3	Strong	Identified odour, strong
4	Extreme	Severe odour

Monitoring Schedule for the Reporting Month

The schedule for odour patrol during the reporting period is provided in Annex C.

Results and Observations

The odour monitoring results are summarised and provided in Table 2.7 and Annex D4, respectively.

Table 2.7        Summary of Odour Monitoring Results in the Reporting Period

Odour Checkpoints	Odour Intensity Class (Range)	Action Level	Limit Level
OP1	0 – 1	Odour intensity ≥ Class 2 recorded	Odour intensity ≥ Class 3 recorded on 2 consecutive patrol
OP2	0 – 1
OP3	0 – 1
OP4	0 – 1
OP5	0 – 1
OP6	0 – 1
OP7	0 – 1
OP8	0 – 1
OP9	0 – 1
OP10	0 – 1
OP11	0 – 1
OP12	0
OP13	0
OP14	0
OP15	0
OP16	0
OP17	0
Notes: (a) Reduction of monitoring frequency will be subject to the monitoring results to demonstrate environmentally acceptable performance.

The potential odour sources in the reporting period included the construction works, generator, slurry truck, excavator, dead body of wild animal, site vehicles, waste from tripping area and vegetation at SENTX, as well as nearby operations of the Leachate Treatment Plant and Town Gas Plant.

All the odour monitoring results were below the Action and Limit Levels in the reporting period.  No action is thus required to be undertaken in accordance with the Event and Action Plan presented in Annex D2.

2.1.3 Thermal Oxidiser, Landfill Gas Flare and Landfill Gas Generator Stack Emission Monitoring

Monitoring Requirements and Equipment

According to the updated EM&A Manual of the Project, the performance of the thermal oxidiser, landfill gas flare and landfill gas generator was monitored when they are in operation. Gas samples were collected from the stack of the thermal oxidizer, landfill gas flare and landfill gas generator for laboratory analysis for NO₂, CO, SO₂, Benzene and Vinyl chloride and in-situ analysis for exhaust gas velocity at monthly interval. The operating conditions of the thermal oxidiser, landfill gas flare and landfill gas generator were also monitored continuously.

The Limit Levels for stack emission of the thermal oxidiser, landfill gas flare and landfill gas generator are provided in Tables 2.8 – 2.10 below.

Table 2.8        Limit Levels for Stack Emission of the Thermal Oxidiser

Parameters	Limit Level
NO2	1.58 gs^-1
CO	0.53 gs^-1
SO2	0.07 gs^-1
Benzene	3.01 x 10^-2 gs^-1
Vinyl chloride	2.23 x 10^-3 gs^-1
Gas combustion temperature	850^oC (minimum)
Exhaust gas exit temperature	443K (minimum) ^(a)
Exhaust gas velocity	7.5 ms^-1 (minimum)^(a)
Note: (a)   Level under full load condition.

Table 2.9        Limit Levels for Stack Emission of the Landfill Gas Flare

Parameters	Limit Level
NO2	0.97 gs^-1
CO	2.43 gs^-1
SO2	0.22 gs^-1
Benzene	4.14 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Vinyl Chloride	2.60 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Gas combustion temperature	815^oC (minimum)
Exhaust gas exit temperature	923 K (minimum) ^(a)
Exhaust gas velocity	9.0 m s^-1 (minimum)^(a)
Note: (a)   Level under full load condition.

Table 2.10      Limit Levels for Stack Emission of the Landfill Gas Generator

Parameters	Limit Level
NO2	1.91 gs^-1
CO	2.48 gs^-1
SO2	0.528 gs^-1
Benzene	2.47 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Vinyl chloride	1.88 x 10^-5 gs^-1
Gas combustion temperature	450^oC (minimum)
Exhaust gas exit temperature	723K (minimum) ^(a)
Exhaust gas velocity	30.0 ms^-1 (minimum)^(a)
Note: (a)   Level under full load condition.

Gas samples were collected from the centroid of the stack with stainless steel sampling probe, into inert sample containers (i.e. Canister and Tedlar Bag) and transferred to ALS Technichem (HK) Pty Ltd. (HOKLAS Registration No. 066) laboratory within 24 hours of collection for direct analysis on a gas chromatography within 48 hours after collection.  The flue gas velocity of the gas stream at the exhaust of thermal oxidize was determined by S-Pitot tube during the emission sampling. 

The stack emission monitoring programme and monitoring locations are summarised in Table 2.11 and illustrated in Figure 2.1, respectively.

Table 2.11      Thermal Oxidiser, Landfill Gas Flare and Landfill Gas Generator Stack Emission Monitoring Details

Monitoring Location	Parameter	Frequency	Monitoring Date
Stack of Thermal Oxidiser	Laboratory analysis for · NO2 · CO · SO2 · Benzene · Vinyl chloride In-situ analysis for · Exhaust gas velocity	Monthly for the first 12 months of operation and thereafter at quarterly intervals	12 Jan 2022, 11 Feb 2022, 7 Mar 2022, 11 Apr 2022, 16 May 2022, 16 Jun 2022, 18 Jul 2022, 8 Aug 2022, 15 Sep 2022, 17 Oct 2022, 17 Nov 2022, 13 Dec 2022
	Laboratory analysis for · Non-methane organic compounds	Quarterly for the 1^st  year of operation ^(b)	11 Feb 2022, 16 May 2022, 8 Aug 2022, 17 Nov 2022
	Laboratory analysis for · Ammonia	Quarterly	11 Feb 2022, 16 May 2022, 8, 15 Aug 2022 17 Nov 2022
	· Gas combustion temperature · Exhaust temperature · Exhaust gas velocity ^(a)	Continuously	1 Jan – 31 Dec 2022
Stack of Landfill Gas Flare	Laboratory analysis for · NO2 · CO · SO2 · Benzene · Vinyl chloride In-situ analysis for · Exhaust gas velocity	Monthly for the first 12 months of operation and thereafter at quarterly intervals	12 Jan 2022, 11 Feb 2022, 8 Mar 2022, 11 Apr 2022, 17 May 2022, 17 Jun 2022, 12 Jul 2022, 9 Aug 2022, 16 Sep 2022, 14 Oct 2022, 17 Nov 2022, 13 Dec 2022
	Laboratory analysis for · Non-methane organic compounds	Quarterly for the 1^st year of operation ^(b)	11 Feb 2022, 17 May 2022, 9 Aug 2022, 17 Nov 2022
	· Gas combustion temperature · Exhaust temperature · Exhaust gas velocity ^(a)	Continuously	1 Oct – 31 Dec 2022
Stack of Landfill Gas Generator	Laboratory analysis for · NO2 · CO · SO2 · Benzene · Vinyl chloride In-situ analysis for · Exhaust gas velocity	Monthly for the first 12 months of operation and thereafter at quarterly intervals	12 Jan 2022, 11 Feb 2022, 8 Mar 2022, 12 Apr 2022, 16 May 2022, 16 Jun 2022, 12 Jul 2022, 9 Aug 2022, 15 Sep 2022, 14 Oct 2022, 18 Nov 2022 ^(c)
	Laboratory analysis for · Non-methane organic compounds	Quarterly for the 1^st  year of operation ^(b)	11 Feb 2022, 16 May 2022, 9 Aug 2022, 18 Nov 2022
	· Exhaust temperature · Exhaust gas velocity ^(a)	Continuously	1 Oct – 31 Dec 2022
Note: (a) The exhaust gas velocity will be calculated based on the cross-section area of the stack and continuous monitored gas flow and combustion temperature data. (b) The monitoring results will be reviewed towards the end of the first year of operation to determine if monitoring of this parameter can be terminated upon agreement by the EIAO Authority, IEC and Project Proponent. (c) The Landfill Gas Generator was under maintenance in December 2022.

Monitoring Schedule for the Reporting Month

The schedule for thermal oxidizer, landfill gas flare and landfill gas generator stack emission monitoring during the reporting period is provided in Annex C.  The stack emission monitoring for landfill gas generator was attempted on 14 December 2022 and 28 December 2022. However, sampling of the landfill gas generator stack emission was unable to be carried out in December 2022 as the landfill gas generator was under maintenance.

Results and Observations

The thermal oxidizer, landfill gas flare and landfill gas generator stack emission monitoring results and detailed continuous monitoring results are summarised in Tables 2.12 - 2.14 and provided in Annex D5, respectively.

Table 2.12      Summary of Thermal Oxidiser Stack Emission Monitoring in the Reporting Period

	Parameters		Monitoring Results (Range in Bracket)	Limit Level
	January 2022
	NO2		0.38 gs^-1	1.58 gs^-1
	CO		0.047 gs^-1	0.53 gs^-1
	SO2		<0.015 gs^-1	0.07 gs^-1
	Benzene		<4 x 10^-5 gs^-1	3.01 x 10^-2 gs^-1
	Vinyl chloride		<3 x 10^-5 gs^-1	2.23 x 10^-3 gs^-1
	Gas combustion temperature		972^oC (952^oC - 994^oC)	850^oC (minimum)
	Exhaust gas exit temperature		1,237K (1,218K – 1,265K)	443K (minimum) ^(a)
	Exhaust gas velocity		9.9 ms^-1 (b)	7.5 ms^-1 (minimum)^(a)
	February 2022
	NO2		1.17 gs^-1	1.58 gs^-1
	CO		0.06 gs^-1	0.53 gs^-1
	SO2		0.02 gs^-1	0.07 gs^-1
	Benzene		<3 x 10^-5 gs^-1	3.01 x 10^-2 gs^-1
	Vinyl chloride		<3 x 10^-5 gs^-1	2.23 x 10^-3 gs^-1
	Non-methane Organic Carbons		3.6 x 10^-3 gs^-1	-
	Ammonia		6.52 x 10^-2 gs^-1	- ^(c)
	Gas combustion temperature		973^oC (958^oC – 1,013^oC)	850^oC (minimum)
	Exhaust gas exit temperature		1,230K (1,219K – 1,241K)	443K (minimum) ^(a)
	Exhaust gas velocity		9.9 ms^-1 (b)	7.5 ms^-1 (minimum)^(a)
	March 2022
	NO2		1.54 gs^-1	1.58 gs^-1
	CO		0.04 gs^-1	0.53 gs^-1
	SO2		<0.01 gs^-1	0.07 gs^-1
	Benzene		<3 x 10^-5 gs^-1	3.01 x 10^-2 gs^-1
	Vinyl chloride		<3 x 10^-5 gs^-1	2.23 x 10^-3 gs^-1
	Gas combustion temperature		979^oC (959^oC – 1,035^oC)	850^oC (minimum)
	Exhaust gas exit temperature		957K (941K – 1,003K)	443K (minimum) ^(a)
	Exhaust gas velocity		9.1 ms^-1 (b)	7.5 ms^-1 (minimum)^(a)
	April 2022
	NO2		0.63 gs^-1	1.58 gs^-1
	CO		<0.01 gs^-1	0.53 gs^-1
	SO2		<0.01 gs^-1	0.07 gs^-1
	Benzene		<6 x 10^-4 gs^-1	3.01 x 10^-2 gs^-1
	Vinyl chloride		<2 x 10^-5 gs^-1	2.23 x 10^-3 gs^-1
	Gas combustion temperature		954^oC (920^oC – 980^oC)	850^oC (minimum)
	Exhaust gas exit temperature		1,232K (1,200K – 1,325K)	443K (minimum) ^(a)
	Exhaust gas velocity		6.6 ms^-1 (b)	7.5 ms^-1 (minimum)^(a)
	May 2022
	NO2		0.11 gs^-1	1.58 gs^-1
	CO		<0.02 gs^-1	0.53 gs^-1
	SO2		0.06 gs^-1	0.07 gs^-1
	Benzene		<3 x 10^-5 gs^-1	3.01 x 10^-2 gs^-1
	Vinyl chloride		<4 x 10^-5 gs^-1	2.23 x 10^-3 gs^-1
	Non-Methane Organic Carbons		0.0048 gs^-1	-
	Ammonia (NH3)		0.01 gs^-1	-^(c)
	Gas combustion temperature		934^oC (901^oC – 949^oC)	850^oC (minimum)
	Exhaust gas exit temperature		1,201K (1,182K – 1,216K)	443K (minimum) ^(a)
	Exhaust gas velocity		11 ms^-1 (b)	7.5 ms^-1 (minimum)^(a)
	June 2022
	NO2		0.39 gs^-1	1.58 gs^-1
	CO		<0.01 gs^-1	0.53 gs^-1
	SO2		<0.01 gs^-1	0.07 gs^-1
	Benzene		<2 x 10^-5 gs^-1	3.01 x 10^-2 gs^-1
	Vinyl chloride		<2 x 10^-5 gs^-1	2.23 x 10^-3 gs^-1
	Gas combustion temperature		926^oC (915^oC – 936^oC)	850^oC (minimum)
	Exhaust gas exit temperature		1,176K (1,148K – 1,206K)	443K (minimum) ^(a)
	Exhaust gas velocity		9.0 ms^-1 (b)	7.5 ms^-1 (minimum)^(a)
July 2022
NO2		0.89 gs-1			1.58 gs^-1
CO		<0.01 gs-1			0.53 gs^-1
SO2		<0.01 gs-1			0.07 gs^-1
Benzene		<2.1 x 10-4 gs-1			3.01 x 10^-2 gs^-1
Vinyl chloride		<2 x 10-5 gs-1			2.23 x 10^-3 gs^-1
Gas combustion temperature		925^oC (918^oC – 934^oC)			850^oC (minimum)
Exhaust gas exit temperature		1,112K (1,162K – 1,175K)			443K (minimum) ^(a)
Exhaust gas velocity		9.7 ms^-1 (b)			7.5 ms^-1 (minimum)^(a)
August 2022
NO2		0.86 gs-1			1.58 gs^-1
CO		<0.01 gs-1			0.53 gs^-1
SO2		<0.02 gs-1			0.07 gs^-1
Non-Methane Organic Carbons		0.0055 gs-1			-
Benzene		<3 x 10-5 gs-1			3.01 x 10^-2 gs^-1
Vinyl chloride		<2 x 10-5 gs-1			2.23 x 10^-3 gs^-1
0.232 gs-1Ammonia		0.86 gs-1			-^(c)
Gas combustion temperature		923^oC (880^oC – 933^oC)			850^oC (minimum)
Exhaust gas exit temperature		1,231K (1,181K – 1,241K)			443K (minimum) ^(a)
Exhaust gas velocity		9.3 ms^-1 (b)			7.5 ms^-1 (minimum)^(a)
September 2022
NO2		0.38 gs^-1			1.58 gs^-1
CO		<0.01 gs^-1			0.53 gs^-1
SO2		<0.01 gs^-1			0.07 gs^-1
Benzene		<2 x 10^-4 gs^-1			3.01 x 10^-2 gs^-1
Vinyl chloride		<1.3 x 10^-4 gs^-1			2.23 x 10^-3 gs^-1
Ammonia		0.0414 gs^-1			-^(c)
Gas combustion temperature		924^oC (912^oC – 932^oC)			850^oC (minimum)
Exhaust gas exit temperature		1,238K (1,225K – 1,248K)			443K (minimum) ^(a)
Exhaust gas velocity		11.2 ms^-1 (b)			7.5 ms^-1 (minimum)^(a)
October 2022
NO2		0.39 gs^-1			1.58 gs^-1
CO		<0.01 gs^-1			0.53 gs^-1
SO2		0.04 gs^-1			0.07 gs^-1
Benzene		<2 x 10^-4 gs^-1			3.01 x 10^-2 gs^-1
Vinyl chloride		<1.3 x 10^-4 gs^-1			2.23 x 10^-3 gs^-1
Gas combustion temperature		926^oC (901^oC – 937^oC)			850^oC (minimum)
Exhaust gas exit temperature		1,248K (1,147K – 1,593K)			443K (minimum) ^(a)
Exhaust gas velocity		11.9 ms^-1 (b)			7.5 ms^-1 (minimum)^(a)
November 2022
NO2		0.28 gs^-1			1.58 gs^-1
CO		<0.01 gs^-1			0.53 gs^-1
SO2		0.07 gs^-1			0.07 gs^-1
Non-Methane Organic Carbons		<1.0 x 10^-4 gs^-1			-
Benzene		<1.0 x 10^-4 gs^-1			3.01 x 10^-2 gs^-1
Vinyl chloride		<0.002 gs^-1			2.23 x 10^-3 gs^-1
Ammonia		0.0423 gs^-1			-^(c)
Gas combustion temperature		946^oC (906^oC – 977^oC)			850^oC (minimum)
Exhaust gas exit temperature		1,224K (1,125K – 1,270K)			443K (minimum) ^(a)
Exhaust gas velocity		6.8 ms^-1 (b)			7.5 ms^-1 (minimum)^(a)
December 2022
NO2		1.06 gs^-1			1.58 gs^-1
CO		<0.01 gs^-1			0.53 gs^-1
SO2		0.03 gs^-1			0.07 gs^-1
Benzene		<1.0 x 10^-4 gs^-1			3.01 x 10^-2 gs^-1
Vinyl chloride		<1.0 x 10^-4 gs^-1			2.23 x 10^-3 gs^-1
923^oC (909^oC – 934^oC)Gas combustion temperature		923^oC (909^oC – 934^oC)			850^oC (minimum)
Exhaust gas exit temperature		1,196K (1,145K – 1,283K)			443K (minimum) ^(a)
Exhaust gas velocity		7.9 ms^-1 (b)			7.5 ms^-1 (minimum)^(a)
Note: (a) Level under full load condition. (b) The exhaust gas velocity was calculated based on the cross-section area of the stack and the gas flow and combustion temperature data measured during the stack emission monitoring. The limit level was not applicable as the stack was not operated under full load condition. (c) The emission limit for ammonia is under review and will be supplemented in subsequent revision.

GTable 2.13      Summary of Landfill Gas Flare Stack Emission Monitoring in the Reporting Period

Parameters	Monitoring Results (Range in Bracket)	Limit Level
January 2022
NO2	Flare 1: <0.01 gs^-1 Flare 2: <0.01 gs^-1	0.97 gs^-1
CO	Flare 1: 0.032 gs^-1 Flare 2: 0.04 gs^-1	2.43 gs^-1
SO2	Flare 1: 0.09 gs^-1 Flare 2: 0.10 gs^-1	0.22 gs^-1
Benzene	Flare 1: 1.3 x 10^-5 gs^-1 Flare 2: 1.6 x 10^-5 gs^-1	4.14 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Vinyl chloride	Flare 1: <1.1 x 10^-5 gs^-1 Flare 2: <1.3 x 10^-5 gs^-1	2.60 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Gas combustion temperature	Flare 1: 1,010^oC (854^oC – 1,171^oC) Flare 2: 916^oC (820^oC – 1,171^oC)	815^oC (minimum)
Exhaust gas exit temperature	Flare 1: 1,144K (1,023K – 1,223K) Flare 2: 1,116K (1,045K – 1,283K)	923 K (minimum) ^(a)
Exhaust gas velocity	Flare 1: 4.3 ms^-1 (b) Flare 2: 2.0 ms^-1 (b)	9.0 m s^-1 (minimum)^(a)
February 2022
NO2	<0.01 gs^-1	0.97 gs^-1
CO	0.027 gs^-1	2.43 gs^-1
SO2	0.110 gs^-1	0.22 gs^-1
Benzene	5.1 x 10^-5 gs^-1	4.14 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Vinyl chloride	<1.1 x 10^-5 gs^-1	2.60 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Non-methane Organic Carbons	4.1 x 10^-3 gs^-1	-
Gas combustion temperature	Flare 1: 893^oC (816^oC – 995^oC) Flare 2: 857^oC (830^oC – 924^oC)	815^oC (minimum)
Exhaust gas exit temperature	Flare 1: 1,143K (1,083K – 1,213K) Flare 2: 1,072K (1,015K – 1,123K)	923 K (minimum) ^(a)
Exhaust gas velocity	4.4 ms^-1 (b)	9.0 m s^-1 (minimum)^(a)
March 2022
NO2	0.02 gs^-1	0.97 gs^-1
CO	0.056 gs^-1	2.43 gs^-1
SO2	0.007 gs^-1	0.22 gs^-1
Benzene	<1.2 x 10^-5 gs^-1	4.14 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Vinyl chloride	<1.0 x 10^-5 gs^-1	2.60 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Gas combustion temperature	Flare 1: 911^oC (830^oC – 990^oC) Flare 2: 854^oC (820^oC – 890^oC)	815^oC (minimum)
Exhaust gas exit temperature	Flare 1: 1,141K (1,073K – 1,223K) Flare 2: 1,077K (1,033K – 1,123K)	923 K (minimum) ^(a)
Exhaust gas velocity	3.9 ms^-1 (b)	9.0 m s^1 (minimum)^(a)
April 2022
NO2	0.01 gs^-1	0.97 gs^-1
CO	0.04 gs^-1	2.43 gs^-1
SO2	0.06 gs^-1	0.22 gs^-1
Benzene	<1.8 x 10^-5 gs^-1	4.14 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Vinyl chloride	<1.5 x 10^-5 gs^-1	2.60 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Non-Methane Organic Carbons	<0.0014 gs^-1	-
Gas combustion temperature	Flare 1: 890^oC (820^oC – 990^oC) Flare 2: 860^oC (820^oC – 890^oC)	815^oC (minimum)
Exhaust gas exit temperature	Flare 1: 999K (943K – 1,073K) Flare 2: 1,094K (1,043K – 1,133K)	923 K (minimum) ^(a)
May 2022
NO2	0.01 gs^-1	0.97 gs^-1
CO	0.04 gs^-1	2.43 gs^-1
SO2	0.06 gs^-1	0.22 gs^-1
Benzene	<1.8 x 10^-5 gs^-1	4.14 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Vinyl chloride	<1.5 x 10^-5 gs^-1	2.60 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Non-Methane Organic Carbons	<0.0014 gs^-1	-
Gas combustion temperature	Flare 1: 890^oC (820^oC – 990^oC) Flare 2: 860^oC (820^oC – 890^oC)	815^oC (minimum)
Exhaust gas exit temperature	Flare 1: 999K (943K – 1,073K) Flare 2: 1,094K (1,043K – 1,133K)	923 K (minimum) ^(a)
Exhaust gas velocity	2.7 ms^-1 (b)	9.0 m s^-1 (minimum)^(a)
June 2022
NO2	0.03 gs^-1	0.97 gs^-1
CO	0.098 gs^-1	2.43 gs^-1
SO2	0.11 gs^-1	0.22 gs^-1
Benzene	<3.6 x 10^-5 gs^-1	4.14 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Vinyl chloride	<1.6 x 10^-5 gs^-1	2.60 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Gas combustion temperature	Flare 1: 887^oC (822^oC – 970^oC) Flare 2: 867^oC (830^oC – 930^oC)	815^oC (minimum)
Exhaust gas exit temperature	Flare 1: 1,043K (983K – 1,143K) Flare 2: 1,093K (1,043K – 1,183K)	923 K (minimum) ^(a)
Exhaust gas velocity	8.3 ms^-1 (b)	9.0 m s^-1 (minimum)^(a)
July 2022
NO2	<0.01 gs^-1	0.97 gs^-1
CO	0.53 gs^-1	2.43 gs^-1
SO2	0.01 gs^-1	0.22 gs^-1
Benzene	<1.8 x 10^-5 gs^-1	4.14 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Vinyl chloride	<1.4 x 10^-5 gs^-1	2.60 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Gas combustion temperature	Flare 1: 901^oC (822^oC – 955^oC) Flare 2: 858^oC (824^oC – 930^oC)	815^oC (minimum)
Exhaust gas exit temperature	Flare 1: 1,035K (963K – 1,083K) Flare 2: 1,093K (1,061K – 1,163K)	923 K (minimum) ^(a)
Exhaust gas velocity	6.5 ms^-1 (b)	9.0 m s^-1 (minimum)^(a)
August 2022
NO2	<0.02 gs^-1	0.97 gs^-1
CO	0.83 gs^-1	2.43 gs^-1
SO2	0.12 gs^-1	0.22 gs^-1
Non-Methane Organic Carbons	<0.002 gs^-1	-
Benzene	<2.5 x 10^-5 gs^-1	4.14 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Vinyl chloride	<2.0 x 10^-5 gs^-1	2.60 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Gas combustion temperature	Flare 1: 890^oC (826^oC – 966^oC) Flare 2: 846^oC (820^oC – 890^oC)	815^oC (minimum)
Exhaust gas exit temperature	Flare 1: 1,110K (993K – 1,248K) Flare 2: 1,061K (1,023K – 1,103K)	923 K (minimum) ^(a)
Exhaust gas velocity	8.9 ms^-1 ^(b)	9.0 m s^-1 (minimum)^(a)
September 2022
NO2	<0.02 gs^-1	0.97 gs^-1
CO	<0.01 gs^-1	2.43 gs^-1
SO2	<0.01 gs^-1	0.22 gs^-1
Benzene	<1.23 x 10^-4 gs^-1	4.14 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Vinyl chloride	<9.8 x 10^-5 gs^-1	2.60 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Gas combustion temperature	Flare 1: 866^oC (820^oC – 944^oC) Flare 2: 861^oC (821^oC – 948^oC)	815^oC (minimum)
Exhaust gas exit temperature	Flare 1: 1,046K (987K – 1,127K) Flare 2: 1,080K (1,046K – 1,127K)	923 K (minimum) ^(a)
Exhaust gas velocity	8.9 ms^-1 ^(b)	9.0 m s^-1 (minimum)^(a)
October 2022
NO2	0.013 gs^-1	0.97 gs^-1
CO	<0.01 gs^-1	2.43 gs^-1
SO2	0.26 gs^-1	0.22 gs^-1
Benzene	<1.22 x 10^-4 gs^-1	4.14 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Vinyl chloride	<9.8 x 10^-5 gs^-1	2.60 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Gas combustion temperature	Flare 1: 908^oC (820^oC – 990^oC) Flare 2: 872^oC (820^oC – 910^oC)	815^oC (minimum)
Exhaust gas exit temperature	Flare 1: 1,060K (988K – 1,183K) Flare 2: 1,076K (993K – 1,133K)	923 K (minimum) ^(a)
Exhaust gas velocity	6.5 ms^-1 (b)	9.0 m s^-1 (minimum)^(a)
November 2022
NO2	<0.02 gs^-1	0.97 gs^-1
CO	<0.01 gs^-1	2.43 gs^-1
SO2	1.27 gs^-1	0.22 gs^-1
Non-Methane Organic Carbons	<1.22 x 10^-4 gs^-1	-
Benzene	<9.8 x 10^-5 gs^-1	4.14 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Vinyl chloride	<0.002 gs^-1	2.60 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Gas combustion temperature	Flare 1: 856^oC (820^oC – 890^oC) Flare 2: 854^oC (820^oC – 890^oC)	815^oC (minimum)
Exhaust gas exit temperature	Flare 1: 1,064K (1,030K – 1,093K) Flare 2: 1,077K (1,033K – 1,123K)	923 K (minimum) ^(a)
Exhaust gas velocity	8.9 ms^-1 (b)	9.0 m s^-1 (minimum)^(a)
December 2022
NO2	0.03 gs^-1	0.97 gs^-1
CO	0.783 gs^-1	2.43 gs^-1
SO2	0.16 gs^-1	0.22 gs^-1
Benzene	6.61 x 10^-4 gs^-1	4.14 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Vinyl chloride	<1.35 x 10^-4 gs^-1	2.60 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Gas combustion temperature	Flare 1: 854^oC (850^oC – 910^oC) Flare 2: 860^oC (830^oC – 890^oC)	815^oC (minimum)
Exhaust gas exit temperature	Flare 1: 1,075K (1,033K – 1,153K) Flare 2: 1,085K (1,033K – 1,123K)	923 K (minimum) ^(a)
Exhaust gas velocity	12.8 ms^-1 (b)	9.0 m s^-1 (minimum)^(a)
Note: (a) Level under full load condition. (b) The exhaust gas velocity was calculated based on the cross-section area of the stack and the gas flow and combustion temperature data measured during the stack emission monitoring. The limit level was not applicable as the stack was not operated under full load condition.

Table 2.14      Summary of Landfill Gas Generator Stack Emission Monitoring in the Reporting Period

	Parameters	Monitoring Results (Range in Bracket)			Limit Level
	January 2022
	NO2	0.008 gs^-1			1.91 gs^-1
	CO	0.050 gs^-1			2.48 gs^-1
	SO2	0.009 gs^-1			0.528 gs^-1
	Benzene	2 x 10^-6 gs^-1			2.47 x 10^-4 gs^-1
	Vinyl chloride	<1.3 x 10^-6 gs^-1			1.88 x 10^-5 gs^-1
	Exhaust gas exit temperature	843K (835K – 853K)			723K (minimum) ^(a)
	Exhaust gas velocity	7.8 ms^-1 (b)			30.0 ms^-1 (minimum)^(a)
	February 2022
	NO2	0.016 gs^-1			1.91 gs^-1
	CO	0.056 gs^-1			2.48 gs^-1
	SO2	0.002 gs^-1			0.528 gs^-1
	Benzene	<3 x 10^-6 gs^-1			2.47 x 10^-4 gs^-1
	Vinyl chloride	<2 x 10^-6 gs^-1			1.88 x 10^-5 gs^-1
	Non-methane Organic Carbons	2 x 10^-4 gs^-1			-
	Exhaust gas exit temperature	843K (836K – 847K)			723K (minimum) ^(a)
	Exhaust gas velocity	11.9 ms^-1 (b)			30.0 ms^-1 (minimum)^(a)
	March 2022
	NO2	0.022 gs^-1			1.91 gs^-1
	CO	0.06 gs^-1			2.48 gs^-1
	SO2	<0.001 gs^-1			0.528 gs^-1
	Benzene	<2 x 10^-6 gs^-1			2.47 x 10^-4 gs^-1
	Vinyl chloride	<1.9 x 10^-6 gs^-1			1.88 x 10^-5 gs^-1
	Exhaust gas exit temperature	845K (840K – 850K)			723K (minimum) ^(a)
	Exhaust gas velocity	7.8 ms^-1 (b)			30.0 ms^-1 (minimum)^(a)
April 2022
	NO2			0.25 gs^-1	1.91 gs^-1
	CO			0.094 gs^-1	2.48 gs^-1
	SO2			<0.001 gs^-1	0.528 gs^-1
	Benzene			<3 x 10^-6 gs^-1	2.47 x 10^-4 gs^-1
	Vinyl chloride			<2.3 x 10^-6 gs^-1	1.88 x 10^-5 gs^-1
	Exhaust gas exit temperature			849K (841K – 870K)	723K (minimum) ^(a)
	Exhaust gas velocity			13.3 ms^-1 (b)	30.0 ms^-1 (minimum)^(a)
	May 2022
	NO2			0.01 gs^-1	1.91 gs^-1
	CO			0.099 gs^-1	2.48 gs^-1
	SO2			0.004 gs^-1	0.528 gs^-1
	Benzene			<3 x 10^-6 gs^-1	2.47 x 10^-4 gs^-1
	Vinyl chloride			<2.4 x 10^-6 gs^-1	1.88 x 10^-5 gs^-1
	Non-Methane Organic Carbons			3 x 10^-4 gs^-1	-
	Exhaust gas exit temperature			851K (845K – 857K)	723K (minimum) ^(a)
	Exhaust gas velocity			11.6 ms^-1 (b)	30.0 ms^-1 (minimum)^(a)
	June 2022
	NO2			0.008 gs^-1	1.91 gs^-1
	CO			0.043 gs^-1	2.48 gs^-1
	SO2			<0.001 gs^-1	0.528 gs^-1
	Benzene			<4.0 x 10^-6 gs^-1	2.47 x 10^-4 gs^-1
	Vinyl chloride			<2.2 x 10^-6 gs^-1	1.88 x 10^-5 gs^-1
	Exhaust gas exit temperature			861K (848K – 879K)	723K (minimum) ^(a)
	Exhaust gas velocity			9.7 ms^-1 (b)	30.0 ms^-1 (minimum)^(a)
July 2022
NO2			0.01 gs^-1			1.91 gs^-1
CO			0.28 gs^-1			2.48 gs^-1
SO2			0.003 gs^-1			0.528 gs^-1
Benzene			<8.0 x 10^-6 gs^-1			2.47 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Vinyl chloride			<1.8 x 10^-6 gs^-1			1.88 x 10^-5 gs^-1
Exhaust gas exit temperature			864K (848K – 893K)			723K (minimum) ^(a)
Exhaust gas velocity			11.2 ms^-1 ^(b)			30.0 ms^-1 (minimum)^(a)
August 2022
NO2			0.04 gs^-1			1.91 gs^-1
CO			0.622 gs^-1			2.48 gs^-1
SO2			0.015 gs^-1			0.528 gs^-1
Non-Methane Organic Carbons			0.0012 gs^-1			-
Benzene			<8.7 x 10^-5 gs^-1			2.47 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Vinyl chloride			<2.1 x 10^-6 gs^-1			1.88 x 10^-5 gs^-1
Exhaust gas exit temperature			861K (855K – 868K)			723K (minimum) ^(a)
Exhaust gas velocity			9.3 ms^-1 (b)			30.0 ms^-1 (minimum)^(a)
September 2022
NO2			0.07 gs^-1			1.91 gs^-1
CO			0.75 gs^-1			2.48 gs^-1
SO2			0.008 gs^-1			0.528 gs^-1
Benzene			<1.92 x 10^-4 gs^-1			2.47 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Vinyl chloride			<9.6 x 10^-6 gs^-1			1.88 x 10^-5 gs^-1
Exhaust gas exit temperature			859K (845K – 880K)			723K (minimum) ^(a)
Exhaust gas velocity			10.2 ms^-1 ^(b)			30.0 ms^-1 (minimum)^(a)
October 2022
NO2			0.08 gs^-1			1.91 gs^-1
CO			0.56 gs^-1			2.48 gs^-1
SO2			0.006 gs^-1			0.528 gs^-1
Benzene			<1.12 x 10^-4 gs^-1			2.47 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Vinyl chloride			<9.7 x 10^-6 gs^-1			1.88 x 10^-5 gs^-1
Exhaust gas exit temperature			ENGA: 866K (851K – 893K) ENGB : 860K (847K – 867K)			723K (minimum) ^(a)
Exhaust gas velocity			10.3 ms^-1 (b)			30.0 ms^-1 (minimum)^(a)
November 2022
NO2			0.01 gs^-1			1.91 gs^-1
CO			0.429 gs^-1			2.48 gs^-1
SO2			<0.001 gs^-1			0.528 gs^-1
Non-Methane Organic Carbons			<1.6 x 10^-5 gs^-1			-
Benzene			<1.28 x 10^-5 gs^-1			2.47 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Vinyl chloride			<3.0 x 10^-4 gs^-1			1.88 x 10^-5 gs^-1
Exhaust gas exit temperature			ENGA: 904K (890K – 955K) ENGB : 898K (880K – 917K)			723K (minimum) ^(a)
Exhaust gas velocity			11.6 ms^-1 (b)			30.0 ms^-1 (minimum)^(a)
December 2022
NO2			-			1.91 gs^-1
CO			^-			2.48 gs^-1
SO2			-			0.528 gs^-1
Benzene			-			2.47 x 10^-4 gs^-1
Vinyl chloride			-			1.88 x 10^-5 gs^-1
Exhaust gas exit temperature			ENGA: - ENGB : -			723K (minimum) ^(a)
Exhaust gas velocity			-			30.0 ms^-1 (minimum)^(a)
Note: (a) Level under full load condition. (b) The exhaust gas velocity was calculated based on the cross-section area of the stack and the gas flow and combustion temperature data measured during the stack emission monitoring. The limit level was not applicable as the stack was not operated under full load condition. (c) The Landfill Gas Generator was under maintenance in December 2022.

Limit Levels exceedances were recorded for landfill gas flare stack emission (SO₂ and Benezene) in the reporting period and actions in accordance with the Event and Action Plan presented in Annex D2 were undertaken. Investigation of the Limit Levels exceedances was conducted and the investigation reports are presented in Annex D7.

Based on the investigation conducted for the monitoring event with potential Limit Levels exceedance with the Contractor and the IEC, the landfill gas flare stack emission (SO₂) exceedance on 14 October 2022 and 17 November 2022 and the landfill gas flare stack emission (Benzene) exceedance on 13 December 2022 were considered Project-related.

The Contractor was reminded to implement all relevant mitigation measures for the construction and operation works and maintain good site practice. The ET will keep track on the monitoring data and ensure Contractor’s compliance of the environmental requirements.

2.1.4 Ambient VOCs, Ammonia and H₂S Monitoring

Monitoring Requirements and Equipment

According to the updated EM&A Manual of the Project, ambient VOCs, ammonia and H₂S monitoring was carried out at the four designated locations along the site boundary (i.e. AM1, AM2, AM3 and AM4) during the operation/restoration phase, at quarterly interval.

The Limit Levels for ambient VOCs, ammonia and H₂S monitoring is provided in Table 2.15 below.

Table 2.15      Limit Levels for Ambient VOCs, Ammonia and H₂S Monitoring

Parameters	Limit Level (µg m^-³)
Methane	NA ^(a)
Ammonia	180
H2S	42
Dichlorodifluoro-methane	NA ^(a)
Vinyl Chloride	26
Methanol	2,660
Ethanol	19,200
Dimethylsulphide	8
Carbon Disulphide	150
Methylene Chloride	3,530
Chloroform	99
Methyl propionate	353
Butan-2-ol	667
1.1.1-Trichloroethane	5,550
1.2-Dichloroethane	210
Benzene	33
Carbon Tetrachloride	64
Dipropyl ether	NA ^(a)
Heptane	2,746
Trichloroethylene	5,500
Ethyl propionate	29
Methyl butanoate	30
Methanethiol	10
Toluene	1,244
Ethyl butanoate	71
Propyl benzene	19
Octane	7,942
Propyl propionate	276
1.2-Dibromoethane (EDB)	39
Butyl acetate	7,240
Tetrachloroethylene	1,380
Ethyl benzene	738
Nonane	11,540
Ethanethiol	13
Decanes	3,608
Limonene	212
Butyl benzene	47
Undecane	5,562
Butanethiol	4
Terpenes	NA ^(a)
Xylenes	534
Dichlorobenzene	120
Notes: (a) No relevant WHO/USEPA/CARB’s ambient criteria, odour thresholds and WEL available.

VOCs

Ambient air samples were drawn into the pre-cleaned and vacuum canister directly when the valve of the flow controller (with preset flow rate) was opened.  After sampling, the valve will be closed manually and the canister with VOCs gas samples were transported for laboratory analysis.

Methane

Pre-cleaned Tedlar bag was placed in the vacuum chamber.  Ambient air was collected in the Tedlar bag under the vacuum condition when the pump is switched on.  The Tedlar bag was filled up to 90% of total capacity to avoid leakage and bag deformation.  After sampling, pump is switched off and the valve of Tedlar bag was closed manually.  The air samples were transported back to laboratory for analysis.

Ammonia

Calibrated personal air pump was used to pump the air through a sulfuric acid-treated silica gel sorbent tube.  Gaseous ammonia in air was then trapped in the sorbent tube.  The tube was transported back to laboratory for analysis.

H₂S

H₂S in air is collected in mid-get impingers by aspirating a measured   volume of air through an alkaline suspension of cadmium hydroxide (as the absorbing solution).  The sulphide is precipitated as cadmium sulphide to prevent air oxidation of the sulphide.  Arabinogalactan is added to the cadmium hydroxide slurry prior to sampling to minimize photo-decomposition of the precipitated cadmium sulphide.  The solution is transported back to laboratory for analysis.

All air samples collected for laboratory analysis were transported to ALS Technichem (HK) Pty Ltd. (HOKLAS Registration No. 066) laboratory within 24 hours and analysed within 48 hours. 

The ambient VOCs, ammonia and H₂S monitoring programme and monitoring locations are summarised in Table 2.16 and illustrated in Figure 2.1, respectively.

Table 2.16      Ambient VOCs, Ammonia and H₂S Monitoring Details

Monitoring Station	Location		Parameter		Frequency	Monitoring Date
AM1	SENTX Site Boundary (North)		· Methane · Ammonia · A suite of VOCs ^(a) · H2S		Quarterly	15 Feb 2022, 16 May 2022, 8 Aug 2022, 17 Nov 2022
AM2	SENTX Site Boundary (West, near DP3)
AM3	SENTX Site Boundary (West, near RC15)
AM4	SENTX Site Boundary (West, near EPD building)
Notes: (a)  A suite of VOCs includes:
Trichloroethylene Vinyl chloride Methylene chloride Chloroform 1,2-dichloroethane 1,1,1-trichloroethane Carbon tetrachloride Tetrachloroethylene 1,2-dibromoethane Benzene Toluene Carbon disulphide Propyl benzene · Ethyl benzene		· Butyl benzene · Xylenes · Decanes · Undecane · Limonene · Terpenes · Ethanol · Butan-2-ol · Dimethylsulphide · Methyl propionate · Ethyl propionate · Propyl propionate · Butyl acetate · Ethyl butanoate		· Dichlorobenzene · Methyl butanoate · Dipropyl ether · Methanethiol · Ethanethiol · Butanethiol · Methanol · Heptanes · Octanes · Nonanes · Dichlorodifluoro-methane · Methane

Monitoring Schedule for the Reporting Month

The schedule for ambient VOCs, ammonia and H₂S monitoring during the reporting period is provided in Annex C.

Results and Observations

The ambient VOCs, ammonia and H₂S monitoring results are summarized in Tables 2.17 and provided in Annex D6.

Table 2.17      Summary of Ambient VOCs, Ammonia and H₂S Monitoring Results in the Reporting Period

Parameters	Limit Level (µg m^-³)	Monitoring Results (µg m^-³) (Average)
		AM1		AM2	AM3	AM4
Ammonia	180	20.25		15.50	16.75	17.25
H2S	42	14.5	14.5		14.5	14.5
Methane	NA ^(a)	0.0	0.0		0.0	0.0
1.1.1-Trichloroethane	5,550	0.8	0.8		0.8	0.8
1.2-Dibromoethane (EDB)	39	1.1	1.1		1.1	1.1
1.2-Dichloroethane	210	0.8	0.9		0.7	0.9
Benzene	33	1.1	1.0		0.8	1.0
Butan-2-ol	667	0.6	0.6		0.6	0.6
Butanethiol	4	<1.2	<1.2		<1.2	<1.2
Carbon Disulphide	150	0.9	0.7		3.3	1.1
Carbon Tetrachloride	64	0.8	0.8		0.7	0.8
Chloroform	99	<0.8	<0.8		<0.8	<0.8
Decanes	3,608	0.9	0.8		1.2	0.8
Dichlorobenzene	120	1.0	1.0		1.0	1.0
Dichlorodifluoro-methane	NA ^(a)	1.3	1.6		1.2	1.5
Dimethylsulphide	8	<0.3	<0.3		<0.3	<0.3
Dipropyl ether	NA ^(a)	0.8	0.8		0.8	0.8
Limonene	212	0.8	0.7		1.6	0.7
Ethanethiol	13	<0.6	<0.6		<0.6	<0.6
Ethanol	19,200	4.9	3.8		3.8	9.3
Ethyl butanoate	71	<1.0	<1.0		<1.0	<1.0
Ethyl propionate	29	<0.8	<0.8		<0.8	<0.8
Ethyl benzene	738	0.9	0.9		1.3	1.1
Heptane	2,746	<0.8	<0.8		<0.8	<0.8
Methanethiol	10	<0.4	<0.4		<0.4	<0.4
Methanol	2,660	17.9	12.2		12.5	25.3
Methyl butanoate	30	<0.8	<0.8		<0.8	<0.8
Methyl propionate	353	<0.7	<0.7		<0.7	<0.7
Methylene Chloride	3,530	3.0	3.8		3.0	4.3
Butyl acetate	76	<1.0	<1.0		<1.0	<1.2
Butyl benzene	47	<1.0	<1.0		<1.0	<1.0
Nonane	11,540	<0.9	<0.9		<0.9	<0.9
Propyl benzene	19	<0.8	<0.8		<0.8	<0.8
Octane	7,942	<0.9	<0.9		<0.9	<0.9
Propyl propionate	276	<1.0	<1.0		<1.0	<1.0
Terpenes	NA ^(a)	1.3	0.8		1.3	1.3
Tetrachloroethylene	1,380	<0.8	<0.8		<0.8	<0.8
Toluene	1,244	2.1	2.2		2.4	3.2
Trichloroethylene	5,500	<1.1	<1.1		<1.1	<1.1
Undecane	5,562	<1.2	<1.2		<1.3	<1.2
Vinyl Chloride	26	<0.3	<0.3		<0.3	<0.3
Xylenes	534	1.6	1.6		3.3	2.6
Notes: (a) No relevant WHO/USEPA/CARB’s ambient criteria and WEL available.

All ambient VOCs, ammonia and H₂S monitoring results were below the Limit Levels in the reporting period.  No action is thus required to be undertaken in accordance with the Event and Action Plan presented in Annex D2.

2.2 Noise Monitoring

2.2.1 Monitoring Requirements and Equipment

According to the updated EM&A Manual of the Project, impact noise monitoring was conducted weekly at the monitoring location (i.e. NM1) to obtain one set of 30 minutes measurement between 07:00 and 19:00 hours on normal weekdays. 

The Action and Limit Levels for operational noise of the Project are provided in Table 2.18 below. 

Table 2.18      Action and Limit Levels for Operational Noise

Time Period	Action Level ^(a)	Limit Level ^(b)
07:00 – 19:00 hrs on all days	When one documented complaint is received from any one of the noise sensitive receivers (NSRs) or 75 dB(A) recorded at the monitoring station	65 dB(A) at NSRs ^(c)
19:00 – 23:00 hrs on all days		65 dB(A) at NSRs ^(c)
23:00 – 07:00 hrs on all days		55 dB(A) at NSRs ^(c)
Notes: (a) 75dB(A) along and at about 100m from the SENTX site boundary was set as the Action Level. (b) Limits specified in the GW-TM and IND-TM for construction and operational noise, respectively. (c) Limit Level only apply to operational noise without road traffic and construction activities noise.

Noise monitoring was performed by ALS Technichem (HK) Pty Ltd (HOKLAS Registration No. 066) using a sound level meter placed at the designated monitoring station NM1 (see Figure 2.1) in accordance with the requirements stipulated in the updated EM&A Manual. Acoustic calibrator was deployed to check the sound level meter at a known sound pressure level.  Details of the deployed equipment are provided in Table 2.19.

Table 2.19      Noise Monitoring Details

Monitoring Station ^(1)	Location	Parameter	Frequency and Duration	Monitoring Dates	Equipment
NM1	SENTX Site Boundary (North)	Leq (30 min) measurement between 07:00 and 19:00 hours on normal weekdays (Monday to Saturday)	Once per week for 30 mins during the operation period of the Project	7, 13, 19, 25, 31 Jan 2022 7, 14, 24 Feb 2022 2, 8, 14, 21, 28 Mar 2022 7, 13, 19, 25 Apr 2022 3, 10, 19, 25, 31 May 2022 6, 13, 20, 30 Jun 2022 6, 12, 18, 25 Jul 2022 1, 11, 17, 23, 29 Aug 2022 5, 13, 22, 28 Sep 2022 5, 10, 17, 24 Oct 2022 3, 9, 15, 21, 28 Nov 2022 5, 15, 21, 28 Dec 2022	Sound Level Meter: B&K 2238 (S/N: 2285722) Rion NL-52 (S/N: 00809405) Rion NL-52 (S/N: 00921191) Rion NL-52 (S/N: 00464681) Rion NL-52 (S/N: 00142581) Rion NL-31 (S/N: 00410247) Acoustic Calibrator: Calibrator: Rion NC-74 (S/N: 34246492) Rion NC-74 (S/N: 34657231) Bruel & Kjaer 4231 (S/N: 2713428) B&K 4231 (S&N: 2713428)

2.2.2 Monitoring Schedule for the Reporting Period

The schedule for noise monitoring during the reporting period is provided in Annex C.

2.2.3 Results and Observations

A total of 52 impact noise monitoring events were scheduled during the reporting period.  However, noise monitoring on 7 February 2022, 28 March 2022, 10 May 2022, 6 and 30 June 2022 and 11 August 2022 were cancelled due to adverse weather. The noise monitoring results are summarised in Table 2.20 and graphically presented in Annex E1.

Table 2.20      Summary of Operation Noise Monitoring Results in the Reporting Period

Month	Monitoring Station	Measured Noise Level Leq (30 min), dB(A)
		Average	Range	Action and Limit Level
January 2022	NM1	51.4	49.4 – 53.4	75
February 2022	NM1	48.6	48.1 – 49.0	75
March 2022	NM1	48.6	45.9 – 51.3	75
April 2022	NM1	51.1	49.5 – 51.7	75
May 2022	NM1	51.0	49.3 – 54.7	75
June 2022	NM1	57.8	57.4 – 58.2	75
July 2022	NM1	52.9	51.5 – 54.4	75
August 2022	NM1	52.3	51.1 – 53.0	75
September 2022	NM1	51.0	48.1 – 54.5	75
October 2022	NM1	51.8	51.0 – 53.3	75
November 2022	NM1	50.8	48.1 – 52.7	75
December 2022	NM1	54.6	50.1 – 64.0	75

Major noise sources identified during the noise monitoring included noise from operations of SENTX, the existing SENT landfill and the TKO Area 137 Fill Bank, aircrafts and insects.

No exceedance of the Action and Limit Levels for operation noise monitoring was recorded in the reporting period.  No further mitigation measure was required in accordance with the Event and Action Plan presented in Annex E2.

2.3 Water Quality Monitoring

2.3.1 Surface Water Quality Monitoring

Monitoring Requirements and Equipment

According to the updated EM&A Manual of the Project, impact surface water quality monitoring was carried out at the three designated surface water discharge points (i.e. DP3, DP4 and DP6) at monthly intervals during operation/restoration phase to ensure that the SENTX will not cause adverse water quality impact.  Suspension of impact surface water quality monitoring at DP3 was approved under the Baseline Monitoring Report by EPD on 24 July 2019 until the actual commencement of construction works affecting DP3 in 2022.

The parameters as listed in Table 2.22 were determined by ALS Technichem (HK) Pty Ltd. (HOKLAS Registration No. 066).

The Action and Limit Levels of the surface water quality impact monitoring are provided in Table 2.21.

Table 2.21      Action and Limit Levels for Surface Water Quality

Parameters	Limit Level
DP4 & DP6
Ammoniacal-nitrogen	> 7.1 mg/L
COD	> 30 mg/L
SS	> 20 mg/L

The locations of the monitoring stations for the Project are shown in Figure 2.1.  All in situ monitoring instruments were checked, calibrated and certified by a laboratory accredited under HOKLAS or other international accreditation scheme before use, and subsequently re-calibrated at 3 monthly intervals throughout all stages of the surface water quality monitoring programme.  Calibration for a DO meter was carried out before measurement according to the instruction manual of the equipment model.  Details of the equipment used in the impact surface water quality monitoring works are provided in Table 2.22.

Table 2.22      Impact Surface Water Quality Monitoring Details

Monitoring Station	Location	Frequency	Monitoring Dates	Parameter		Equipment
DP4	Surface water discharge point DP4	Monthly	25 Jan 2022, 24 Feb 2022 21 Mar 2022, 25 Apr 2022, 25 May 2022, 24 Jun 2022, 25 Jul 2022, 23 Aug 2022, 22 Sep 2022, 24 Oct 2022, 21 Nov 2022, 21 Dec 2022	· pH · Electrical conductivity (EC) · DO · SS · COD · BOD5 · TOC · Ammoniacal–nitrogen · Nitrate-nitrogen · Nitrite–nitrogen · TKN · TN · Phosphate · Sulphate · Sulphide · Carbonate · Oil & Grease	· Bicarbonate · Chloride · Sodium · Potassium · Calcium · Magnesium · Nickel · Manganese · Chromium · Cadmium · Copper · Lead · Iron · Zinc · Mercury · Boron	YSI Professional DSS (S/N: 15H103928) YSI Professional DSS (S/N: 17B102764) YSI Professional DSS (S/N: 17B100758)
DP6	Surface water discharge point DP6
Notes: (a) Impact surface water quality monitoring at DP3 was suspended from the monitoring event on 25 July 2019 until the actual commencement of construction works affecting DP3 in 2022.

Monitoring Schedule for the Reporting Period

The schedule for surface water quality monitoring during the reporting period is provided in Annex C.

Results and Observations

A total of twelve regular monitoring events for impact surface water quality monitoring were scheduled at all designated monitoring stations and three additional surface water quality monitoring event was scheduled during the reporting period.  However, sampling could not be carried out from January to April and from August to December 2022 due to insufficient flow. Details of impact water quality monitoring event are provided in Annex F1.

Limit Level exceedance (SS) was recorded for surface water quality impact monitoring on 25 May 2022 at DP4 and the exceedance was found to be project-related upon further investigation. Actions in accordance with the Event and Action Plan in Annex F2 were undertaken.

The additional surface water monitoring at DP4 for SS was conducted on 30 June 2022, 8 July 2022 and 15 July 2022. The SS exceedance at DP4 on 30 June 2022 and 8 July 2022 was found to be project-related upon further investigation.  The weekly surface water quality monitoring (SS) was conducted at DP4 until no exceedance of Limit Level.  Since the additional surface water monitoring results (SS) at DP4 on 15 July 2022 complied with the Limit Level as stipulated in the updated EM&A Manual, the weekly surface water monitoring (SS) at DP4 was terminated.

The results of the additional surface water monitoring are summarized in Table 2.23 below. Investigation reports of the exceedances are presented in Annex F6. 

Table 2.23      Details of Exceedances Recorded for Surface Water Quality Monitoring

Date	Monitoring Location	Parameter	Result	Limit Level	Remarks
25 May 2022	DP3	SS	31.8 mg/L	20 mg/L	Project-related
30 June 2022	DP4	SS	28.2 mg/L	20 mg/L	Weekly monitoring shall be continued
8 July 2022	DP4	SS	26.3 mg/L	20 mg/L	Weekly monitoring shall be continued

Based on the investigation conducted for the monitoring event with potential Action and Limit Levels exceedances with the Contractor, and the IEC, the exceedances were found deemed to Project-related activities. 

The Contractor was reminded to implement all relevant mitigation measures for the construction works and maintain good site practice.  The ET will keep track on the monitoring data and ensure Contractor’s compliance of the environmental requirements.

2.3.2 Leachate Monitoring

Monitoring Requirements and Equipment

According to the updated EM&A Manual, continuous monitoring of leachate level and daily monitoring of effluent quality were carried out during the operation/ restoration phase.

Reduction of effluent monitoring frequency (dry season) (from daily to monthly) was approved by EPD on 22 March 2022. Monthly effluent quality monitoring (dry season) shall be conducted from 23 March 2022. The reduction of effluent monitoring frequency (wet season) (from daily to monthly) was approved by EPD on 2 August 2022.  Monthly effluent quality monitoring (wet season) shall be conducted from 3 August 2022. 

Temperature, pH and volume of the effluent discharged from the leachate treatment plant were measured in-situ whereas the parameters as listed in Table 2.22 were determined by ALS Technichem (HK) Pty Ltd. (HOKLAS Registration No. 066).

The Limit Levels of the leachate monitoring are provided in Table 2.24.

Table 2.24      Limit Levels for Leachate Levels and Effluent Quality

Parameters	Limit Level
Leachate Levels
Leachate levels above the basal liner	1 m above the primary liner of the leachate containment system
Effluent Quality
Temperature	> 43 °C
pH Value	6 – 10
Volume Discharged	>2,000 m³
Suspended Solids (SS)	> 800 mg/L
Phosphate	> 25 mg/L
Sulphate	> 800 mg/L
Total Inorganic Nitrogen ^(a)	> 100 mg/L
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)	> 800 mg/L
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)	> 2,000 mg/L
Oil & Grease	> 20 mg/L
Boron	> 7,000 µg/L
Iron	> 5 mg/L
Cadmium	> 1 µg/L
Chromium	> 300 µg/L
Copper	> 1,000 µg/L
Nickel	> 700 µg/L
Zinc	> 700 µg/L
Note: (a) Total Inorganic Nitrogen include Ammoniacal-nitrogen, Nitrite-nitrogen and Nitrate-nitrogen.

All in situ monitoring instruments were checked, calibrated and certified by a laboratory accredited under HOKLAS or other international accreditation scheme before use, and subsequently re-calibrated at 3 monthly intervals throughout all stages of the leachate quality monitoring programme.  Details of the equipment used are provided in Table 2.25. 

Table 2.25      Leachate Levels and Effluent Quality Monitoring Details

Location	Frequency	Parameter	Monitoring Dates	Equipment
Leachate levels above the basal liner	Continuous	Leachate Levels	1 Jan – 31 Dec 2022	Pairs of pressure transducers
Effluent discharged from LTP	Daily for the first 3 months upon full operation of the LTP at wet season (Apr to Sep) and dry season (Oct to Mar), respectively and reduce to monthly thereafter subject to the monitoring results of the first 3 months for each season and agreement with the EIAO Authority, IEC and IC. ^(a)	On-site Measurements: · Volume · pH · Temperature Laboratory analysis: · Suspended Solids · COD · BOD5 · TOC · Ammoniacal–nitrogen · Nitrate-nitrogen · Nitrite–nitrogen · Total Nitrogen · Sulphate · Phosphate · Oil & Grease · Alkalinity · Chloride · Calcium · Potassium · Magnesium · Iron · Zinc · Copper · Chromium · Nickel · Cadmium · Boron	1 Jan – 3 Aug 2022, 7 Sep 2022, 7 Oct 2022, 8 Nov 2022, 6 Dec 2022	Lutron WA-2017SD (S/N: T.016811) TOA HM-30P (S/N: 790332) LUTRON WA-2017SD (S/N: T.016811) HANNA H198103 (Eqt No.: HK1561) COMARK PDT300 (S/N: 03948681155)
Note: (a) Reduction of monitoring frequency will be subject to the monitoring results to demonstrate environmentally acceptable performance.

Monitoring Schedule for the Reporting Month

The schedule for leachate monitoring during the reporting period is provided in Annex C.

Results and Observations

The leachate levels and effluent quality monitoring results are summarised in Table 2.26 and Table 2.27, respectively.  The detailed monitoring results are provided in Annex F3 and Annex F4, respectively.

Table 2.26      Summary of Leachate Levels in the Reporting Period

Monitoring Location	Average Leachate Head Levels (cm) (Range in Bracket)	Limit Level (cm)
Pump Station No. 1X (Cell 1X)
Meter No. X-1	68 (28 - 103)	> 178
Meter No. X-2	79 (33 – 117)
Average	74 (38 – 107)
Pump Station No. 2X (Cell 2X)
Meter No. X-3	80 (46 – 125)	> 180
Meter No. X-4	76 (39 – 104)
Average	78 (48 – 104)
Pump Station No. 3X (Cell 3X)
Meter No. X-5	75 (46 – 232)	> 175
Meter No. X-6	76 (48 – 237)
Average	76 (48 – 235)
Pump Station No. 4X (Cell 4X)		> 186
Meter No. X-7	82 (48 – 329)
Meter No. X-8	85 (50 – 331)
Average	84 (49 – 330)

Table 2.27      Summary of Effluent Quality Monitoring Results in the Reporting Period

Parameters		Monitoring Results			Limit Level
		Average	Min	Max
Temperature	°C	30.3	20.4	36.9	> 43 °C
pH Value	pH unit	8.4	8.1	8.6	6 – 10
Volume Discharged	m³	1153.5	616.0	1995.0	>2,000 m³
Suspended Solids (SS)	mg/L	31.5	23.6	51.2	> 800 mg/L
Phosphate	mg/L	6.4	2.5	12.7	> 25 mg/L
Sulphate	mg/L	201.8	97.0	385.0	> 800 mg/L
Total Inorganic Nitrogen ^(a)	mg/L	50.4	33.7	65.9	> 100 mg/L
BOD	mg/L	10.6	8.0	25.0	> 800 mg/L
COD	mg/L	928.5	484.0	1600.0	> 2,000 mg/L
Oil & Grease	mg/L	<5.0	<5.0	<5.0	> 20 mg/L
Boron	µg/L	4685.9	3400.0	5760.0	> 7,000 µg/L
Iron	mg/L	1.5	0.7	3.3	> 5 mg/L
Cadmium	µg/L	<1.0	<1.0	<1.0	> 1 µg/L
Chromium	µg/L	127.1	74.0	343.0	> 300 µg/L
Copper	µg/L	16.5	<10.0	29.0	> 1,000 µg/L
Nickel	µg/L	107.6	74.0	163.0	> 700 µg/L
Zinc	µg/L	87.4	50.0	234.0	> 700 µg/L

Limit Levels exceedances were recorded for leachate level monitoring and leachate (Chromium) during water quality monitoring in the reporting period and actions in accordance with the Event and Action Plan presented in Annex F2. Investigation of the Action and Limit Levels exceedances was conducted and the investigation reports are presented in Annex F6. Based on the investigation conducted for the monitoring event with potential Limit Levels exceedance with the Contractor and the IEC, the leachate level exceedances at Pump Station No. 4X from 12 August to 20 August 2022, from 30 September 2022 to 3 October 2022 and from 3 November 2022 to 4 November 2022, and at Pump Station No. 3X on 3 November 2022 were considered Project-related. The leachate (Chromium) exceedance on 6 December 2022 was considered Project related.

The Contractor was reminded to implement all relevant mitigation measures for the construction and operation works and maintain good site practice.  The ET will keep track on the monitoring data and ensure Contractor’s compliance of the environmental requirements..

2.3.3 Groundwater Monitoring

Monitoring Requirements and Equipment

According to the updated EM&A Manual of the Project with incorporation of the proposed updates under the Amendment Summary approved by EPD on 15 June 2020, groundwater monitoring was carried out at 14 perimeter groundwater monitoring wells (including 3 up-gradient wells and 11 down-gradient wells) (i.e. MWX-1 to MWX-14) to monitor the groundwater quality and level of the perimeter groundwater monitoring wells at monthly interval.

The Limit Levels for groundwater quality is provided in Table 2.28 below.

Table 2.28      Limit Levels for Groundwater Quality

Location	Limit Levels
	Ammoniacal-nitrogen (mg L^-1)	COD (mg L^-1)
MWX-1	5.00	30
MWX-2	5.00	30
MWX-3	5.00	30
MWX-4	7.63	36
MWX-5	5.00	30
MWX-6	5.00	46
MWX-7	6.55	36
MWX-8	15.85	50
MWX-9	7.30	71
MWX-10	5.00	30
MWX-11	5.00	30
MWX-12	5.00	30
MWX-13	5.00	30
MWX-14	5.00	30

A bladder pump with Teflon sampling tube and adjustable discharge rates was used for purging and taking of groundwater sample from the monitoring wells.  Filtered groundwater samples were collected by connecting a disposable in-line filter system to the tubing of the sampling pump, prior to storage and analysis by ALS Technichem (HK) Pty Ltd. (HOKLAS Registration No. 066). 

A portable dip meter with 5mm accuracy was used for measurement of groundwater level at each well.  The dip meter has an audio indicator of the water level and was checked before use.

The measurements of pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were undertaken in situ.  In situ monitoring instruments in compliance with the specifications listed under Section 4.3.2 of the updated EM&A Manual were used to undertake the groundwater quality monitoring for the Project. 

Details of the equipment used and the monitoring locations are summarised in Table 2.29 and illustrated in Figure 2.1, respectively.

Table 2.29      Groundwater Monitoring Details

Monitoring Location	Frequency	Parameter		Monitoring Dates	Equipment
All groundwater monitoring wells (MWX-1 to MWX-14)	Monthly	· Water level · pH · EC · COD · BOD5 · TOC · Ammoniacal–nitrogen · Nitrate-nitrogen · Nitrite–nitrogen · TKN · TN · Sulphate · Sulphide · Carbonate · Bicarbonate · Phosphate	· Chloride · Sodium · Potassium · Calcium · Magnesium · Nickel · Manganese · Chromium · Cadmium · Copper · Lead · Iron · Zinc · Mercury · Boron	4, 11 Jan 2022, 15, 18 Feb 2022, 14, 15 Mar 2022, 11, 12 Apr 2022 10, 11, 18 May 2022, 6, 14 Jun 2022, 4, 5 Jul 2022, 17, 18 Aug 2022, 5, 6 Sept 2022, 10, 11 Oct 2022, 7, 8 Nov 2022, 12, 13 Dec 2022	YSI Professional DSS (S/N: 17B102764) YSI Professional DSS (S/N: 15H103928)

Monitoring Schedule for the Reporting Month

The schedule for groundwater quality monitoring during the reporting period is provided in Annex C.

Results and Observations

The groundwater quality monitoring results and detailed monitoring results are summarised in Table 2.30 and provided in Annex F5, respectively.

Table 2.30      Summary of Groundwater Monitoring Results in the Reporting Period

Location	Ammoniacal-nitrogen (mg L^-1)		COD (mg L^-1)
	Average Monitoring Results	Limit Levels	Average Monitoring Results	Limit Levels
MWX-1	0.48	5.00	10	30
MWX-2	0.77	5.00	9	30
MWX-3	1.27	5.00	16	30
MWX-4	4.10	7.63	27	36
MWX-5	1.79	5.00	24	30
MWX-6	3.54	5.00	42	46
MWX-7	5.69	6.55	22	36
MWX-8	9.68	15.85	35	50
MWX-9	2.09	7.30	30	71
MWX-10	0.02	5.00	11	30
MWX-11	0.07	5.00	6	30
MWX-12	0.02	5.00	5	30
MWX-13	0.04	5.00	6	30
MWX-14	0.05	5.00	4	30

Limit Levels exceedances were recorded for groundwater monitoring in the reporting period and actions in accordance with the Event and Action Plan presented in Annex F2 were undertaken. Investigation of the Limit Levels exceedances was conducted and the investigation report is presented in Annex F6.

Based on the investigation conducted for the monitoring event with potential Limit Levels exceedance with the Contractor and the IEC, the groundwater quality (COD) exceedances at MWX-4 and MWX-6 on 15 February 2022, at MWX-4 on 15 March 2022, at MWX-4, MWX5, MWX6 on 11 April 2022 and at MWX-7 on 18 August 2022 and 6 September 2022 were considered non Project-related. 

The Contractor was reminded to implement all relevant mitigation measures for the construction and operation works and maintain good site practice.  The ET will keep track on the monitoring data and ensure Contractor’s compliance of the environmental requirements.

2.4 Landfill Gas Monitoring

2.4.1 Monitoring Requirements

According to the updated EM&A Manual of the Project, landfill gas monitoring was carried out at the perimeter of the waste boundary (monitoring wells), area between the SENTX Site boundary and the waste boundary (surface emission), occupied on-site building, service voids, utilities pit and manholes in the vicinity of the SENTX (build-up of landfill gas) during the operation/restoration phase.

The Limit Levels for landfill gas monitoring is provided in Table 2.31 below.

Table 2.31      Limit Levels for Landfill Gas Constituents

Parameters	Monitoring Location	Limit Level (% (v/v))
Perimeter Landfill Gas Monitoring Wells ^(a)
Methane & Carbon Dioxide		Methane	Carbon Dioxide
	LFG1	1.0	2.2
	LFG2	1.0	4.2
	LFG3	1.0	6.3
	LFG4	1.0	7.0
	LFG5	1.0	3.4
	LFG6	1.0	9.1
	LFG7	1.0	1.5
	LFG8	1.0	1.7
	LFG9	2.5	1.7
	LFG10	1.0	1.6
	LFG11	3.0	2.0
	LFG12	13.2	1.5
	LFG13	22.5	2.7
	LFG14	1.0	1.6
	LFG15	18.2	2.0
	LFG16	1.0	1.7
	LFG17	10.5	2.1
	LFG18	2.3	1.9
	LFG19	6.3	3.1
	LFG20	1.0	4.2
	LFG21	1.0	4.3
	LFG22	1.0	3.9
	LFG23	1.0	10.3
	LFG24	1.0	4.0
	GP1	1.0	8.5
	GP2 (shallow)	1.0	11.4
	GP2 (deep)	1.0	10.4
	GP3 (shallow)	1.0	3.9
	GP3 (deep)	1.0	1.9
	GP4 (shallow)	1.0	2.3
	GP4 (deep)	1.0	5.6
	GP5 (shallow)	1.0	9.5
	GP5 (deep)	1.0	7.5
	GP6	1.0	7.8
	GP7	1.0	4.5
	GP12	1.0	2.3
	GP15	1.0	2.2
	P7	1.0	2.5
	P8	1.0	1.7
	P9	1.0	2.7

Service Voids, Utilities Pits and Manholes
Methane (or flammable gas)	Service voids, utilities pits and manholes	1% by volume
Permanent Gas Monitoring System
Methane (or flammable gas)	Permanent Gas Monitoring System	1% by volume (20% LEL)
Area Between the SENTX Site Boundary and Waste Boundary (Surface Emission)
Flammable gas	Area between SENTX site boundary and waste boundary	30 ppm
Notes: (a) Limit Levels established based on the pre-operation phase baseline and additional landfill gas monitoring results in the Pre-operation Baseline Monitoring Report.

Gas analysers in compliance with the specifications listed under Section 5.4.1 of the updated EM&A Manual were used to monitor the gas parameters at the landfill gas monitoring wells, service voids, utilities pits and manholes.  The gas analyser was calibrated by a laboratory accredited under HOKLAS at yearly intervals and checked before use to ensure the validity and accuracy of the results.  A portable dip meter was used to monitor the water level in the monitoring wells.

Permanent gas monitoring systems with pre-set alarm levels for methane at 20% lower explosive limit (LEL, equivalent to 1% methane gas (v/v)) were installed and operated in all occupied on-site buildings at SENTX.  A central control panel is equipped to alert site personnel when the gas concentration at any detector reaches the alarm level.

Flammable gas detector in compliance with the specifications listed under Section 5.4.1 of the updated EM&A Manual was used to measure flammable gas concentration.  Flammable gas surface emission survey was conducted at a slow pace with the inlet tube of the meter probe a few centimeters above ground surface to detect flammable gas emitted from the ground surface. 

Bulk gas samples were collected into inert sample containers (i.e. Tedlar Bag) and transferred to ALS Technichem (HK) Pty Ltd. (HOKLAS Registration No. 066) laboratory within 24 hours of collection for direct analysis on a gas chromatography within 48 hours after collection.  

The equipment used in the landfill gas monitoring programme is summarised in Table 2.32.  The landfill gas monitoring locations for perimeter landfill gas monitoring wells and service voids, utilities and manholes along the Site boundary and within the SENTX site are illustrated in Figure 2.3 – 2.4 and Annex G1, respectively.

Table 2.32      Landfill Gas Monitoring Details

Monitoring Location	Frequency	Parameter	Monitoring Dates	Equipment
Perimeter landfill gas monitoring wells (LFG1 to LFG24, P7 to P9, GP1 to GP7, GP12 and GP15)	Monthly	Ÿ Methane Ÿ Carbon dioxide Ÿ Oxygen Ÿ Atmospheric    pressure	18 Jan 2022, 9 Feb 2022, 8 Mar 2022, 7 Apr 2022, 17 May 2022, 12 Jun 2022, 12 Jul 2022, 15 Aug 2022, 16 Sep 2022, 3 Oct 2022, 1 Nov 2022, 6 Dec 2022	GA5000 (S/N: G507306)
Service voids, utilities and manholes along the Site boundary and within the SENTX Site (UU1 to UU28)	Monthly	Ÿ Methane Ÿ Carbon dioxide Ÿ Oxygen	20 Jan 2022, 11 Feb 2022, 11 Mar 2022, 8 Apr 2022, 16 May 2022, 13 Jun 2022, 13 Jul 2022, 5 Aug 2022, 13 Sep 2022, 5 Oct 2022, 4 Nov 2022, 9 Dec 2022	GA5000 (S/N: G507306)
Permanent gas monitoring system in all occupied on-site buildings	Continuous	Ÿ Methane (or flammable gas) by permanent gas monitoring system	1 Jan – 31 Dec 2022	Permanent gas monitoring system
Areas between the SENTX Site boundary and the waste boundary and location of vegetation stress	Quarterly	Ÿ Flammable gas emitted from the ground surface	15 Feb 2022, 18 May 2022, 16 Aug 2022, 18 Nov 2022	GMI Leak Surveyor (S/N: 554846)
Bulk gas sampling at least 2 of the perimeters LFG monitoring wells	Quarterly	Ÿ Methane Ÿ Carbon dioxide Ÿ Oxygen Ÿ Nitrogen Ÿ Carbon monoxide Ÿ Other flammable gas	16 Feb 2022, 17 May 2022, 15 Aug 2022, 1 Nov 2022	Gas sampling pump and Tedlar bags

Monitoring Schedule for the Reporting Month

The schedule for dust monitoring during the reporting period is provided in Annex C.

Results and Observations

The landfill gas monitoring results are summarised and provided in Tables 2.33 - 2.36 and Annex G2, respectively.

Table 2.33      Summary of Landfill Gas Monitoring Results at Perimeter LFG Monitoring Wells in the Reporting Period

Location	Methane (% (v/v))				Carbon Dioxide (% (v/v))
	Monitoring Results			Limit Level ^(a)	Monitoring Results			Limit Level ^(a)
	Average	Min	Max		Average	Min	Max
LFG1	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	0.4	0.0	1.5	3.2
LFG2	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	0.7	0.0	2.4	4.3
LFG3	0.0	0.0	0.1	1.0	0.4	0.0	1.8	6.3
LFG4	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	0.2	0.0	0.7	7.0
LFG5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	0.2	0.0	0.3	3.4
LFG6	0.2	0.0	1.8	1.0	0.5	0.0	2.1	9.1
LFG7	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	1.5
LFG8	1.0	0.0	8.9	12.6	0.1	0.0	0.5	2.4
LFG9	0.2	0.0	1.5	2.5	0.1	0.0	0.3	1.7
LFG10	0.6	0.0	2.9	3.5	0.0	0.0	0.1	1.6
LFG11	0.1	0.0	0.8	3.0	0.1	0.0	0.5	2.0
LFG12	0.0	0.0	0.0	13.2	0.0	0.0	0.1	1.5
LFG13	5.4	0.0	24.1	22.5	0.1	0.0	0.9	2.7
LFG14	0.2	0.0	2.4	5.2	0.0	0.0	0.2	1.8
LFG15	0.8	0.0	4.1	18.2	0.1	0.0	0.3	2.0
LFG16	0.0	0.0	0.1	1.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	2.0
LFG17	1.4	0.0	15.9	17.8	0.1	0.0	0.5	2.4
LFG18	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.3	0.0	0.0	0.1	2.1
LFG19	0.0	0.0	0.0	6.3	0.0	0.0	0.2	3.1
LFG20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	0.4	0.0	2.5	4.6
LFG21	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	1.0	0.0	3.0	4.8
LFG22	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	0.5	0.0	2.3	4.0
LFG23	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	2.3	0.4	4.7	10.3
LFG24	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	0.5	0.0	1.0	4.7
GP1	0.0	0.0	0.2	1.0	3.5	0.1	8.5	10.6
GP2 (shallow)	0.0	0.0	0.1	1.0	0.2	0.0	1.2	11.4
GP2 (deep)	0.1	0.0	0.3	1.0	1.4	0.0	8.0	10.4
GP3 (shallow)	0.0	0.0	0.1	1.0	0.8	0.1	3.3	6.9
GP3 (deep)	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	0.3	0.1	1.0	5.6
GP4 (shallow)	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	0.3	0.1	1.1	11.6
GP4 (deep)	0.0	0.0	0.1	1.0	0.2	0.1	0.4	7.7
GP5 (shallow)	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	3.8	0.1	8.4	10.8
GP5 (deep)	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	0.1	0.0	0.1	7.5
GP6	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	4.5	0.1	6.7	8.4
GP7	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	0.3	0.0	1.4	4.5
GP12	0.0	0.0	0.1	1.0	0.2	0.0	0.6	2.3
GP15	0.0	0.0	0.2	1.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	2.2
P7	0.0	0.0	0.1	1.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	2.5
P8	0.0	0.0	0.2	1.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	1.7
P9	0.0	0.0	0.2	1.0	0.1	0.0	0.3	2.7
Notes: (a) Limit Levels established based on the pre-operation phase baseline and additional landfill gas monitoring results in the Pre-operation Baseline Monitoring Report.

Table 2.34      Summary of Landfill Gas Monitoring Results at Service Voids, Utilities Pits and Manholes in the Reporting Period

Location	Methane (% (v/v))
	Monitoring Results			Limit Levels
	Average	Min	Max
UU01	0.0	0.0	0.1	1.0
UU02	0.0	0.0	0.1	1.0
UU03	0.1	0.0	0.2	1.0
UU04	0.0	0.0	0.2	1.0
UU05	0.0	0.0	0.2	1.0
UU06	0.1	0.0	0.2	1.0
UU07	0.1	0.0	0.3	1.0
UU08	0.1	0.0	0.3	1.0
UU09	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0
UU10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0
UU11	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0
UU12	Voided due to latest site programme and on-going operation work			1.0
UU13	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0
UU14	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0
UU15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0
UU16	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0
UU17	Voided due to latest site programme and on-going operation work			1.0
UU18	0.0	0.0	0.1	1.0
UU19	0.1	0.0	0.2	1.0
UU20	0.0	0.0	0.1	1.0
UU21	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0
UU22	0.0	0.0	0.1	1.0
UU23	0.0	0.0	0.1	1.0
UU24	0.0	0.0	0.1	1.0
UU25	0.0	0.0	0.1	1.0
UU26	0.0	0.0	0.2	1.0
UU27	0.0	0.0	0.2	1.0
UU28	0.0	0.0	0.1	1.0

Table 2.35 Summary of Landfill Gas Bulk Gas Sampling Monitoring Results in the Reporting Period

	Parameters	Limit Level (LFG14) ^(a)	LFG14	Limit Level (LFG15) ^(a)	LFG15
	February 2022
	Methane (% (v/v))	1.0	0.0	18.2	0.0
	Carbon Dioxide (% (v/v))	1.6	0.119	2.0	0.110
	Oxygen (% (v/v))	-	10.2	-	20.1
	Nitrogen (% (v/v))	-	90.5	-	80.3
	Carbon Monoxide (% (v/v))	-	<0.020	-	<0.020
	Hydrogen (% (v/v))	-	<0.020	-	<0.020
	Ethane (ppmv)	-	<1.0	-	<1.0
	Propane (ppmv)	-	<1.0	-	<1.0
	Butane (ppmv)	-	<1.0	-	<1.0
	Parameters	Limit Level (LFG12) ^(a)	LFG12	Limit Level (LFG24) ^(a)	LFG24
	May 2022
	Methane (% (v/v))	13.2	0.415	1.0	<0.020
	Carbon Dioxide (% (v/v))	1.5	0.038	4.7	1.03
	Oxygen (% (v/v))	-	19.9	-	19.6
	Nitrogen (% (v/v))	-	78.7	-	79.0
	Carbon Monoxide (% (v/v))	-	<0.020	-	<0.020
	Hydrogen (% (v/v))	-	<0.020	-	<0.020
	Ethane (ppmv)	-	<1.0	-	<1.0
	Propane (ppmv)	-	<1.0	-	<1.0
	Butane (ppmv)	-	<1.0	-	<1.0
	Parameters	Limit Level (LFG20) ^(a)	LFG20	Limit Level (LFG23) ^(a)	LFG23
	August 2022
	Methane (% (v/v))	1.0	<0.020	1.0	<0.020
	Carbon Dioxide (% (v/v))	4.6	0.059	10.3	0.062
	Oxygen (% (v/v))	-	20.6	-	20.7
	Nitrogen (% (v/v))	-	77.5	-	77.3
	Carbon Monoxide (% (v/v))	-	<0.020	-	<0.020
	Hydrogen (% (v/v))	-	<0.020	-	<0.020
	Ethane (ppmv)	-	<1.0	-	<1.0
	Propane (ppmv)	-	<1.0	-	<1.0
	Butane (ppmv)	-	<1.0	-	<1.0
	Parameters	Limit Level (LFG1) ^(a)	LFG1	Limit Level (LFG8) ^(a)	LFG8
	November 2022
	Methane (% (v/v))	1.0	<0.0200	12.6	<0.020
	Carbon Dioxide (% (v/v))	3.2	0.419	2.4	0.138
	Oxygen (% (v/v))	-	15.6	-	17.2
	Nitrogen (% (v/v))	-	80.6	-	79.2
	Carbon Monoxide (% (v/v))	-	<0.020	-	<0.020
	Hydrogen (% (v/v))	-	<0.020	-	<0.020
	Ethane (ppmv)	-	<1.0	-	<1.0
	Propane (ppmv)	-	<1.0	-	<1.0
	Butane (ppmv)	-	<1.0	-	<1.0
Notes: (a) Limit Levels established based on the pre-operation phase baseline and additional landfill gas monitoring results in the Pre-operation Baseline Monitoring Report.

Table 2.36      Summary of Flammable Gas Surface Emission Monitoring Results in the Reporting Period

GPS Coordinates Latitude (N)	Longitude (E)	Monitoring Results (ppm)	Limit Level (ppm)
February 2023			30
22^o16’36”	114^o16’36”	3
22^o16’24”	114^o16’36”	6
May 2023
22^o16’31”	114^o16’17”	8
22^o16’53”	114^o16’17”	5
August 2023
22^o16’33”	114^o16’17”	3
22^o16’16”	114^o27’78”	6
22^o16’15”	114^o16’33”	12
22^o16’14”	114^o16’28”	8
22^o16’23”	114^o16’26”	8
22^o16’30”	114^o16’26”	21
22^o16’37”	114^o16’27”	15
22^o16’37”	114^o16’31”	12
November 2023
22^o16’26”	114^o16’35”	25
22^o16’26”	114^o16’34”	11

The alarm of the permanent gas monitoring systems with pre-set levels for methane at 20% lower explosive limit (LEL, equivalent to 1% methane gas (v/v)) was not triggered at all occupied on-site buildings at SENTX in the reporting period.

Limit Levels exceedances were recorded for perimeter landfill gas monitoring in the reporting period and actions in accordance with the Event and Action Plan presented in Annex G3 were undertaken.  Investigation of the Action and Limit Levels exceedances was conducted and the investigation report is presented in Annex G4.  Based on the investigation conducted for the monitoring event with potential Limit Levels exceedance with the Contractor and the IEC, the perimeter landfill gas exceedance at LFG6 and LFG13 on 17 May 2022 and 3 October 2022 were considered non Project-related. 

The Contractor was reminded to implement all relevant mitigation measures for the construction and operation works and maintain good site practice.  The ET will keep track on the monitoring data and ensure Contractor’s compliance of the environmental requirements.

2.5 Landscape and Visual Monitoring

2.5.1 Monitoring Requirements

According to the updated EM&A Manual of the Project, the monthly landscape and visual audit was conducted on 27 January 2022, 24 February 2022, 18 March 2022, 22 April 2022, 25 May 2022, 24 June 2022, 15 July 2022, 2 August 2022, 22 September 2022, 27 October 2022, 17 November 2022 and 22 December 2022 to monitor the implementation of the landscape and visual mitigation measures during operation/ restoration phase.

All relevant environmental mitigation measures listed in the approved EIA Report and the updated EM&A Manual and their implementation status are summarised in Annex B.

2.5.2 Results and Observations

The Contractor has implemented environmental mitigation measures as stated in the approved EIA Report and the EM&A Manual.

Regarding the landscape and visual audit, the Contractor was reminded to maintain the advance screen planting works regularly to ensure effective screening of views of project works from the High Junk Peak Trail.

2.6 EM&A Site Inspection

Site inspections were carried out on a weekly basis with the Contractor, IEC and ER to monitor the implementation of proper environmental pollution control and mitigation measures for air quality, noise, water quality, landfill gas and waste management under the Project.  In the reporting period, 52 site inspections were carried out on the following dates:

· 6, 13, 20, 27 and 31 January 2022;

· 10, 17 and 24 February 2022;

· 3, 10, 17, 24 and 31 March 2022;

· 7, 14, 21 and 28 April 2022;

· 5, 12, 19 and 25 May 2022;

· 2, 9, 16, 23 and 30 June 2022;

· 7, 14, 21 and 28 July 2022;

· 4, 11, 18 and 26 August 2022;

· 1, 8, 15, 22 and 29 September 2022;

· 6, 13, 20 and 27 October 2022;

· 3, 10, 17 and 24 November 2022; and

· 1, 8, 15, 22 and 29 December 2022.

Key observations during the site inspections are summarized in Table 2.37.

Table 2.37      Key Observations Identified during the Site Inspections in this Reporting Period

Inspection Date	Environmental Observations and Recommendations
6 January 2022	· The Contractor shall replace the faded NRMM label displayed on the generators near DP3 and maintenance building. · The Contractor shall provide drip trays for the chemicals stored near DG house and Chunwo container area. · The Contractor shall remove the stagnant water and general refuse accumulated at the channel near sump house 3. · The Contractor shall remove the general refuse accumulated near water services house regularly to minimise odour and pest issues.
13 January 2022	· The Contractor shall remove the stagnant water and general refuse accumulated at the channel near sump house 3. · The Contractor shall clean up the oil spill at the breaker near buttress wall, handle the clean-up materials as chemical waste and maintain the break to avoid oil spillage, if necessary. · The Contractor shall dispose of the emptied chemical containers at Cell4X and near pump house 3 as chemical waste in the chemical waste cabinet. · The Contractor shall remove the general refuse accumulated near DP3 and dispose of the waste regularly to minimize odour and pest issues.
20 January 2022	· The Contractor shall clean up the oil spillage at the generator near GVL building and handle the clean-up materials as chemical waste. · The Contractor shall provide drip trays for the chemicals stored near DP3 and Chunwo container area. · The Contractor shall segregate the construction waste and materials near sediment trap and dispose of the waste regularly. · The Contractor shall maintain site tidiness and remove the general refuse accumulated at the channel near sump house 3, RC15, u channel near Chunwo container area and DP6 and dispose of the waste regularly to minimise odour and pest issues.
27 January 2022	· The Contractor shall remove the stagnant water accumulated at the channel near sump house 3 regularly and spray larvicides for mosquito control, if necessary. · The Contractor shall maintain site tidiness and remove the general refuse accumulated near town gas plant and dispose of the emptied chemical containers as chemical waste.
31 January 2022	· The Contractor shall clean up the oil spillage near sediment trap and DP6 channel and handle the clean-up materials as chemical waste. · The Contractor shall provide drip trays for the chemicals stored near sediment trap. · The Contractor shall dispose of the emptied chemical containers near sediment trap as chemical waste in accordance with the COP. · The Contractor shall remove the general refuse accumulated near RC15 and at the channel near Chun Wo container area and dispose of the waste regularly.
10 February 2022	· The Contractor shall provide a NRMM label on the crane near sump house 4. · The Contractor shall remove the general refuse accumulated at the channel near sump house 3 and dispose of the waste regularly to minimise odour and pest issues.
17 February 2022	· The Contractor shall provide drip tray for the chemical stored near X10a. · The Contractor shall remove the general refuse accumulated near X10a, Cell 3X perimeter bund and at the channel near sump house 3 and VWF, and dispose of the waste regularly.
24 February 2022	· The Contractor shall cover the water tank near sediment trap with lid to minimise pest issues. · The Contractor shall remove the stagnant water accumulated at the channel near sump house 3 and at Cell 4X regularly and spray larvicides for mosquito control, if necessary. · The Contractor shall remove the stagnant water accumulated in the drip trays at Wetsep near sediment trap.
3 March 2022	· The Contractor shall remove the general refuse accumulated at the channel near sump house 3 and along Western site boundary and dispose of the waste regularly. · The Contractor shall remove the stagnant water accumulated in the drip tray for generator at Cell 4X.
10 March 2022	· The Contractor shall display a NRMM label on the excavator near RC15. · The Contractor shall remove the general refuse accumulated at the channel near sump house 2 and 3 and dispose of the waste regularly. · The Contractor shall clean up the oil spillage near sump house 4 and handle the clean-up materials as chemical waste. · The Contractor shall provide drip tray for the chemical stored at Cell 4X.
17 March 2022	· The Contractor shall remove the stagnant water accumulated at the channel near pump house 3 regularly, and spray larvicides for mosquito control, if necessary. · The Contractor shall dispose of the waste and remove the stagnant water accumulated at the refuse skip near DP6 regularly to minimise odour and pest issues.
24 March 2022	· The Contractor shall display a NRMM label on the excavator near EPD building. · The Contractor shall clean up the oil spillage at the excavator near pump house 3 and handle the clean-up materials as chemical waste. · The Contractor shall remove the general refuse and stagnant water accumulated near Towngas plant and DP6 and dispose of the waste regularly to minimise odour and pest issues.
31 March 2022	· The Contractor shall remove the stagnant water accumulated at the channel near sump house 3 regularly and spray larvicides for mosquito control, if necessary. · The Contractor shall remove the general refuse and stagnant water accumulated at the refuse skip near DP6 and Towngas plant and dispose of the waste regularly to minimise odour and pest issues.
7 April 2022	· The Contractor shall remove the general refuse accumulated near DP3 and at the channel near sump house 3 and dispose of the waste regularly to minimise odour and pest issues. · The Contractor shall remove the stagnant water accumulated in the drip tray for generator at Cell 4X.
14 April 2022	· The Contractor shall clean up the oil spillage near sump house 3 and handle the clean-up materials as chemical waste. · The Contractor shall provide drip tray for the chemical stored near sump house 4. · The Contractor shall maintain the drainage system near VWF and remove the stagnant water accumulated at DP6 channel and the sediment tank regularly, and spray larvicides for mosquito control, if necessary.
21 April 2022	· The Contractor shall cover the stockpile of dusty materials near sediment trap to minimise dust impact. · The Contractor shall replace the NRMM labels displayed on the excavator near Cell 4X and roller near sump house 3 in accordance with the COP. · The Contractor shall remove the deposited silt and grit and refuse accumulated at DP3 sediment pit, channel near sump house 3 and DP6 regularly, to ensure they are functioning properly at all times. · The Contractor shall clean up the oil spillage at the excavator near guardhouse, near sediment trap and maintenance workshop and handle the clean-up materials as chemical waste.
28 April 2022	· The Contractor shall remove the general refuse accumulated near Town gas plant and Sump house 3. · The Contractor shall remove the concrete residue accumulated near EPD building and designate an area for concrete truck washing. · The Contractor shall provide drip tray for the chemical stored near EPD building. · The Contractor shall clean up the oil spillage on the road between biogas plant and LTP and handle the clean-up as chemical waste.
5 May 2022	· The Contractor shall replace the faded NRMM label displayed on the generator near sediment trap. · The Contractor shall provide drip trays for the chemicals stored near X10a channel and sump house 4. · The Contractor shall remove the stagnant water accumulated at the channel near sump house 3. · The Contractor shall remove the general refuse accumulated at channel X10a, near sediment trap and guard house and dispose of the waste regularly.
12 May 2022	· The Contractor shall plug the drip tray for the generator near Cell4X to avoid leakage. · The Contractor shall review the treatment capacity of the Wetsep near DP4 and DP6 to ensure all surface water is treated before discharge. · The Contractor shall enhance surface water management around the site and remove the stagnant water accumulated at the channel near sump house 3. · The Contractor shall remove the general refuse accumulated at channel X10a and dispose of the waste regularly.
19 May 2022	· The Contractor shall replace the NRMM label displayed on the electric generator near sump house 3 in accordance with COP. · The Contractor shall operate the Wetsep near DP4 and review its’ treatment capacity to prevent non-compliance with the standard in WPCO licence and EM&A requirement. · The Contractor shall clean up the oil spillage on the road between biogas plant and LTP and handle the clean-up as chemical waste. · The Contractor shall remove the general refuse accumulated near sump house 3, DP4T and RC15 and dispose of the waste regularly to minimize odour and pest issue. · The Contractor shall remove the stagnant water accumulated in the drip tray for the electric generator near LTP.
25 May 2022	· The Contractor shall replace the NRMM label displayed on telescopic handler near buttress wall in accordance with COP. · The Contractor shall provide drip trays for the chemicals stored near cell 4X, at channel x10c, bar bending area and Paul Y container area.  The Contractor shall also remove the stagnant water and chemical accumulated in the drip trays near Paul Y container area and treat the clean-up materials as chemical waste. · The Contractor shall clean up the oil spillage at channel x10c, Paul Y container area, near town gas plant and around LTP and handle the clean-up materials as chemical waste. · The Contractor shall remove the stagnant water accumulated near DP6 and spray larvicides for mosquito control, if necessary. · The Contractor shall review Wetsep treatment efficiency to prevent non-compliance with the WPCO standard and EM&A requirement. · The Contractor shall remove the general refuse accumulated near town gas plant, bar bending area, Paul Y container area and RC15 and remove the gravel along the road near MSE wall and dispose of the waste regularly to maintain site cleanliness and tidiness. · The Contractor shall remove the concrete residue accumulated near X10C and designate an area for concrete truck washing. · The contractor shall remove the deposited silt and refuse accumulated at the surface water channels near Paul Y container area and town gas plant to ensure they are functioning properly at all times. · The Contractor shall ensure that the wheel washing facilities are functioning properly at all times and all trucks shall pass the wheel washing facilities before leaving the site to keep the public road clear of muddy materials.
2 June 2022	· The Contractor shall display a NRMM label on the excavator near Cell 4X. · The Contractor shall clean up the oil spillage near the drip tray at Paul Y container area and handle the clean-up materials as chemical waste. · The Contractor shall remove the stagnant water accumulated at the lifting eyes of the concrete blocks near Paul Y container area, and spray larvicides for mosquito control, if necessary. · The Contractor shall maintain site tidiness and remove the general refuse accumulated near Paul Y container area and at the temporary drain near GVL container area.
9 June 2022	· The Contractor shall provide surface water management around the site (especially at DP3 upstream) and review the treatment capacity of the Wetsep near DP4 and DP6 to ensure all surface water is treated before discharge. · The Contractor shall clean up the oil spillage near buttress wall and Paul Y container area and handle the clean-up materials as chemical waste. · The Contractor shall remove the stagnant water accumulated at the drip tray near Paul Y container area. · The Contractor shall remove the concrete residue near Paul Y container area and designate an area for concrete truck washing. · The Contractor shall remove the general refuse and vegetation at the temporary drain near Paul Y container area and site entrance.
16 June 2022	· The Contractor shall replace the faded NRMM label displayed on the excavator near sump house 4 in accordance with the COP. · The Contractor shall provide surface water management at DP3 upstream (e.g. cover the exposed area and surface water diversion) to ensure that all surface water is treated before discharge. · The Contractor shall clean up the oil spillage near Paul Y container area and handle the clean-up materials as chemical waste. · The Contractor shall remove the stagnant water accumulated at the drip tray near Paul Y container area. · The Contractor shall remove the general refuse and stagnant water accumulated at the channel near sump house 3 and dispose of the waste regularly.
23 June 2022	· The Contractor shall cover the stockpile of dusty materials near DP3 to minimise dust impact. · The Contractor shall remove the deposited silt and grit accumulated at the sediment pits at DP3 and DP6 regularly to ensure they are functioning properly at all times. · The Contractor shall cover the exposed soil area at DP3 upstream to minimise muddy surface runoff to DP3 channel. · The Contractor shall remove the stagnant water accumulated at the drip tray near Paul Y container area and treat the contaminated water as chemical waste.
30 June 2022	· The Contractor shall remove/ cover the stockpile of dusty materials near buttress wall to minimise dust impact. · The Contractor shall seal the baffle plates at DP3 channel and outlet and maintain the silt fencing along DP3 channel to minimise SS runoff to the channel. · The Contractor shall clean up the oil spillage near Towngas plant and handle the clean-up materials as chemical waste. · The Contractor shall remove the stagnant water accumulated at the drip tray near Paul Y container area. · The Contractor shall maintain site tidiness and remove the general refuse accumulated around Paul Y container area.
7 July 2022	· The Contractor shall display NRMM labels on the excavator near X10c channel and generator near DP6 and replace the faded NRMM label on the excavator near DP3. · The Contractor shall remove the general refuse accumulated at X10a channel regularly to ensure it is functioning properly at all times. · The Contractor shall remove the stagnant water accumulated at the drip tray near LTP. · The Contractor shall provide surface water management at DP3 upstream to minimise SS runoff to the channel.
14 July 2022	· The Contractor shall display NRMM labels on the excavator at DP3 and roller near buttress wall. · The Contractor shall remove/ cover the stockpile of dusty materials near DP3 to minimise dust impact. · The Contractor shall provide surface water management at DP3 upstream to minimise SS runoff to the channel.
21 July 2022	· The Contractor shall remove the deposited silt and grit and stagnant water accumulated at DP3 sediment pit regularly to ensure it is functioning properly at all times. · The Contractor shall remove the stagnant water accumulated in the manholes near channel X10C and spray larvicides for mosquito control, if necessary. · The Contractor shall provide surface water management at DP3 upstream and cover the exposed slope to minimise SS runoff to the channel. · The Contractor shall dispose of the empties chemical containers near DP3 as chemical waste in accordance with the COP.
28 July 2022	· The Contractor shall remove the deposited silt and grit and stagnant water accumulated at DP3 sediment pit regularly to ensure it is functioning properly at all times. · The Contractor shall remove the general refuse and stagnant water accumulated at the channel near sump house 3 to minimize odour and pest issues and spray larvicides for mosquito control, if necessary. · The Contractor shall provide surface water management at DP3 upstream to minimise SS runoff to the channel. · The Contractor shall remove the algae and scum in the Wetsep near DP4 to ensure it is functioning properly at all times.
4 August 2022	· The Contractor shall remove the general refuse accumulated near DP3 and dispose of the waste regularly. · The Contractor shall enhance the surface water management at DP3 upstream to minimise SS runoff to the channel. · The Contractor shall install pumps at DP3 to divert the surface water discharged from SENTX construction works to ensure all surface water is treated before discharge.
11 August 2022	· The Contractor shall clear the dusty materials with road sweepers at the site entrance regularly to minimise dust impact. · The Contractor shall replace the faded NRMM label displayed on the excavator near western site boundary planting area. · The Contractor shall review the treatment capacity and efficiency of the Wetseps near DP4 to ensure all surface water is treated properly before discharge. · The Contractor shall remove the stagnant water accumulated in the drip trays of the Wetseps near DP4. · The Contractor shall remove the stagnant water and general refuse accumulated near sump house 3 and at X10a channel regularly.
18 August 2022	· The Contractor shall remove the stagnant water accumulated in X10a channel regularly, and spray larvicides for mosquito control, if necessary. · The Contractor shall remove the general refuse accumulated at DP3 channel and X10a channel regularly to ensure they are functioning properly at all times.
26 August 2022	· The Contractor shall provide drip trays for the chemicals stored near LTP. · The Contractor shall remove the general refuse and deposited silt accumulated at DP3 channel, X10c channel and surface water channels near town gas plant and LTP regularly to ensure they are functioning properly at all times. · The Contractor shall remove the general refuse accumulated near town gas plant, DP4 and LTP and dispose of the waste regularly. · The Contractor shall maintain the Wetsep near DP4 to ensure it is functioning properly at all times. · The Contractor shall sweep the road near vehicle exit regularly to ensure it is clear of dusty materials. · The Contractor shall improve the sewage drainage system to ensure that no untreated sewage is discharged to the surrounding water body.
1 September 2022	· The Contractor shall clean up the oil spillage near DP6 container area and handle the clean-up materials as chemical waste. · The Contractor shall remove the deposited silt and grit accumulated at DP3 sediment pit regularly. · The contractor shall remove the general refuse accumulated at X10a channel regularly to ensure it is functioning properly at all times.
8 September 2022	· The Contractor shall clean up the oil spillage in sediment trap and treat the clean-up materials as chemical waste. · The Contractor shall remove the deposited silt and grit accumulated at DP3 sediment pit regularly. · The contractor shall remove the stagnant water accumulated at the channel leading to DP6. · The Contractor shall remove the general refuse around Paul Y area to maintain site cleanliness and tidiness. · The Contractor shall cover the stockpiles of dusty materials near maintenance building with impervious sheeting or remove them to minimize dust impact.
15 September 2022	· The Contractor shall remove the general refuse accumulated near DP3 and dispose of the waste regularly to maintain site cleanliness. · The Contractor shall remove the deposited silt and grit and general refuse accumulated at DP3 sediment pit, outlet of sediment trap and DP6 regularly.
22 September 2022	· The Contractor shall remove the general refuse accumulated at DP3 sediment pits regularly. · The Contractor shall enhance maintenance of the Wetsep at DP4 to ensure it is functioning properly at all times. · The Contractor shall clean up the oil spillage near LTP and handle the clean-up materials as chemical waste.
29 September 2022	· The Contractor shall remove the general refuse accumulated at DP3 sediment pits regularly.
6 October 2022	· The Contractor shall remove the general refuse accumulated at the surface channel near Paul Y area to ensure it is functioning properly at all times. · The Contractor shall remove the deposited silt accumulated at the surface channel near sump house 3 to ensure it is functioning properly at all times.
10 October 2022	· The Contractor shall remove the general refuse accumulated near Paul Y area to maintain site cleanliness.
20 October 2022	· The Contractor shall cover the stockpile of dusty materials by impervious sheeting near LTP to minimize dust impact issue. · The Contractor shall cover the exposed soil area near buttress wall area to reduce the contamination of runoff and erosion. · The Contractor shall refill flocculent agent in Wetsep at DP4 to ensure it is functioning properly at all times. · The Contractor shall remove the oil spillage near town gas plant and handle the clean-up materials as chemical waste. · The Contractor shall remove the general refuse accumulated at the channel leading to DP3, DP3 sediment pit, x10C channel and near Paul Y area to maintain site cleanliness.
27 October 2022	· The Contractor shall remove the general refuse accumulated at the x10C channel to ensure it is functioning properly at all times.
3 November 2022	· The Contractor shall remove the stagnant water and general refuse accumulated at DP3 sedimentation pit and X10a channel near sump house 2 to ensure they are functioning properly at all times. · The Contractor shall divert the SENTX surface water runoff affecting DP3 catchment area to the drop inlet X9 for discharge via sediment trap and DP4 in accordance with the Proposal on the Extension of Temporary Suspension of Surface Water Quality Monitoring at DP3. · The Contractor shall review the operation and treatment capacity of the Wetseps near DP4 and DP6 to ensure all surface water is treated before discharge. · The Contractor shall remove the general refuse accumulated at Paul Y area regularly to minimise odour and pest issues.
10 November 2022	· The Contractor shall remove the general refuse, deposited silt and grit accumulated at X9 drop inlet and general refuse at X10a channel near sump house no. 2 to ensure they are functioning properly at all times. · The Contractor shall divert the SENTX surface water runoff affecting DP3 catchment area to the drop inlet X9 for discharge via sediment trap and DP4 in accordance with the Proposal on the Extension of Temporary Suspension of Surface Water Quality Monitoring at DP3. · The Contractor shall remove the stagnant water accumulated in the drip tray at Wetseps near DP4 and handle the clean-up materials as chemical waste.
17 November 2022	· The Contractor shall remove the deposited silt and grit accumulated at X10a channel regularly to ensure it is functioning properly at all times.
24 November 2022	· The Contractor shall remove the deposited silt and grit accumulated at X10a channel and stagnant water accumulated at DP3 sedimentation pit to ensure they are functioning properly at all times. · The Contractor shall divert the SENTX surface water runoff affecting DP3 catchment area to the drop inlet X9 for discharge via sediment trap and DP4 in accordance with the Proposal on the Extension of Temporary Suspension of Surface Water Quality Monitoring at DP3.
1 December 2022	· The Contractor shall cover the stockpile of dusty materials by impervious sheeting in the Paul Y. area to minimize dust impact. · The Contractor shall remove the deposited silt and grit accumulated at X10a channel and general refuse at X10 channel near DP3 regularly to ensure they are functioning properly at all times. · The Contractor shall remove the silt and grit accumulated alongside X10 channel regularly to prevent surface run-off. · The Contractor shall remove the general refuse accumulated at area X2 along the access road to site entrance to minimize odour and pest issues.
8 December 2022	· The Contractor shall remove the general refuse accumulated at X10 channel near DP3 and the deposited silt and grit accumulated at X10a channel to ensure they are functioning properly at all times.
15 December 2022	· The Contractor shall remove the deposited silt and grit accumulated at X10a channel regularly to ensure it is functioning properly at all times.
22 December 2022	· The Contractor shall enhance watering at the main haul road along the tie-in area to minimise dust impact. · The Contractor shall remove the general refuse, deposited silt and grit accumulated at X10a channel regularly to ensure it is functioning properly at all times.
29 December 2022	· The Contractor shall remove the deposited silt and grit accumulated at X10a channel and the general refuse accumulated at X10 channel near DP3, X9 drop inlet and the channel downstream of the sediment trap to ensure they are functioning properly at all times.

The Contractor has rectified all of the observations identified during environmental site inspections in the reporting period.  Key environmental deficiencies identified and the corresponding rectification actions are presented in Table 2.38.

Table 2.38      Summary of Environmental Deficiencies Identified and Corresponding Additional Control Measures

Deficiencies	Rectifications Implemented	Proposed Additional Control Measures
Surface Water
Intercepting channels & drainage system	Ÿ Reviewed drainage plan.	Ÿ Provision of additional drainage channels. Ÿ Expedite the construction of permanent sediment trap and discharge culverts.
DP channels (design & regular silt removal)	Ÿ Carried out regular maintenance and cleaning of channels. Ÿ DP4 channel: Area near the channel was paved with concrete and a bund was built. Ÿ DP6 channel: Gravel piles on the channel were covered with concrete which serve as blocks for running water and to divide the channel into several sections.  A pump was placed in the water zone in the upstream section to pump water to the Wetsep for treatment prior to the discharge to the last section before the weir plate.   Ÿ DP6: Pipes through the gravel piles between different channel sections were covered with geotextiles to block debris and silt.	N.A.
Stockpiles & exposed soil	Ÿ Installed silt fencing near surface water channel along DP6 channel.	Ÿ Improve soil covering. Ÿ Compaction and cover for stockpiles and soil slopes.
Wetsep (treatment capacity & number)	Ÿ Reviewed Wetsep capacity. Ÿ Chemicals dosage of the Wetsep was increased to enhance the efficiency.	Ÿ Install additional Wetsep.
Backflow / ponding during heavy rainfall	Ÿ Raised with EPD (LDG) and CEDD.	N.A.

2.7 Waste Management Status

The Contractor has registered as a chemical waste producer under the Contract.  Sufficient numbers of receptacles were available for general refuse collection and sorting.

As informed by the Contractor, waste generated during this reporting period include mainly non-inert C&D materials, yard waste and chemical wastes. Reference has been made to the waste flow table prepared by the Contractor.  The quantities of different types of wastes and imported fill materials are summarised in Table 2.39.

Table 2.39      Quantities of Different Waste Disposed and Imported Fill Materials

Month/ Year	Inert C&D Materials ^(a) (in ‘000m^3)	Imported Fill (in ‘000kg)^(b)		Inert Construction Waste Re-used (in ‘000m^3)	Non-inert Construction Waste ^(c) (in ‘000m^3)	Recyclable Materials ^(d) (in ‘000kg)	Yard Waste (in ‘000kg)		Chemical Wastes (in ‘000kg)
		Rock	Soil				Y Park	SENT
Jan 22	0.273	0	0	0	0.035	0	0	0	0.800
Feb 22	1.284	0	0	0	0.016	0	0	0	0.460
Mar 22	0.039	0	0	0	0.010	0	0	0	0.800
Apr 22	0	0	0	0	0.013	0	0	0	0.800
May 22	0	0	0	0	0.002	0	0	0	0.800
Jun 22	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.800
Jul 22	0	0	0	0	0.012	0	28.44	0	0.800
Aug 22	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.800
Sep 22	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.70	38.73	0.800
Oct 22	0	0	0	0	0.001	0	6.930	82.000	0.800
Nov 22	0	0	0	0	0	0	35.90	252.39	0.800
Dec 22	0	0	0	0	0.0747	0	0	0	0.800
Notes: (a) Inert construction wastes include hard rock and large broken concrete, and materials disposed as public fill.  Density assumption: 1.6 (kg/L) for public fill.  (b) Imported fill refers to materials generated from other project for on-site reuse.  (c) Non-inert construction wastes include general refuse disposed at landfill. Density assumption: 0.9 (kg/L) for general refuse.   (d) Recyclable materials include metals, paper, cardboard, plastics and others.

2.8 Implementation Status of Environmental Mitigation Measures

A summary of the Environmental Mitigation Implementation Schedule is presented in Annex B.  The necessary mitigation measures were implemented properly for the Project.

2.9 Summary of Exceedances of the Environmental Quality Performance Limit

The operation/ restoration phase noise monitoring results complied with the Action and Limit Levels in the reporting period. 

Two exceedances of the Action and Limit Levels for dust (TSP), two exceedances of the Limit Level for landfill gas flare stack emission (SO₂), one exceedance of Limit Level for landfill gas flare stack emission (Benzene), three exceedance of the Limit Level for surface water (SS), sixteen exceedances of the Limit Level for Leachate Level, one exceedance of Limit Level for leachate quality (Chromium), eight exceedances of the Limit Level for groundwater (COD) and two exceedances of the Limit Level for perimeter landfill gas monitoring (methane) were recorded in the reporting period.

The TSP exceedance at AM2 on 29 July 2022 was considered Project-related while the exceedance at AM4 on 29 July 2022 was considered non Project-related upon further investigation. The landfill gas flare stack emission (SO₂) exceedances on 14 October 2022 and 17 November 2022 and landfill gas flare stack emission (Benzene) exceedance on 13 December 2022 were considered Project-related upon further investigation.

The SS exceedances at DP4 on 25 May 2022, 30 June 2022 and 8 July 2022 were found deemed to Project-related activities and weekly surface water quality (SS) monitoring has been commenced since June 2022.  The additional surface water monitoring results (SS) at DP4 on 15 July 2022 complied with the Limit Level as stipulated in the updated EM&A Manual and the weekly surface water monitoring (SS) at DP4 was terminated.

The groundwater (COD) exceedances at MWX-4 and MWX-6 on 15 February 2022, at MWX-4 on 15 March 2022, at MWX-4, MWX5 and MWX6 on 11 April 2022 and at MWX-7 on 18 August 2022 and 6 September 2022 were considered non Project-related upon further investigation.

The leachate level exceedances at Pump Station No. 4X from 12 August to 20 August 2022, from 30 September 2022 to 3 October 2022 and from 3 November 2022 to 4 November 2022, and at Pump Station No. 3X on 3 November 2022 were considered Project-related upon further investigation. 

The leachate quality (Chromium) exceedance on 6 December 2022 was considered Project-related upon further investigation.

The landfill gas (methane) exceedances at LFG6 on 17 May 2022 and at LFG13 on 3 October 2022 were considered non Project-related upon further investigation.

Cumulative statistics on exceedances is provided in Annex H.

2.10 Summary of Complaints, Notification of Summons and Successful Prosecutions

There were no complaints, notification of summons or prosecution recorded in the reporting period.

Statistics on complaints, notifications of summons and successful prosecutions are summarised in Annex H.

3 Conclusion and Recommendation

This Annual EM&A Report presents the findings of the EM&A activities undertaken during the period from 1 January to 31 December 2022 in accordance with the updated EM&A Manual and the requirements of the Environmental Permit (EP-308/2008/B).

Air quality quality (24-hour TSP, odour, thermal oxidiser, landfill gas flare and landfill gas generator stack emission, ambient VOCs, ammonia and H₂S), noise, water quality (surface water, leachate and groundwater) and landfill gas monitoring were carried out in the reporting period.  Results for noise monitoring complied with the Action and Limit Levels in the reporting period.

Two exceedances of the Action and Limit Levels for dust (TSP), two exceedances of the Limit Level for landfill gas flare stack emission (SO₂), one exceedance of Limit Level for landfill gas flare stack emission (Benzene), three exceedance of the Limit Level for surface water (SS), sixteen exceedances of the Limit Level for Leachate Level, one exceedance of Limit Level for leachate quality (Chromium), eight exceedances of the Limit Level for groundwater (COD) and two exceedances of the Limit Level for perimeter landfill gas monitoring (methane) were recorded in the reporting period.

Fifty-two environmental site inspections were carried out during the reporting period.  Environmental deficiencies were identified during the site inspection and the Contractor has proposed additional control measures to rectify the deficiencies.

There were no complaints, notification of summons or prosecution recorded in the reporting period.

It is noted that most environmental pollution control and mitigation measures were properly implemented and the construction and operation activities of the Project did not introduce any adverse impact to the sensitive receivers in the reporting period.  Yet, some environmental deficiencies were identified during the reporting period and additional control measures have been proposed by the Contractor to rectify the corresponding deficiencies.  The monitoring programme has been reviewed and was considered as adequate to cater for the nature of works in progress.  Change to the monitoring programme was thus not recommended at this stage.  The monitoring programme will be evaluated as appropriate in the next reporting period.  The ET will keep track on the construction and operation works to confirm compliance of environmental requirements and the proper implementation of all necessary mitigation measures.

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([1])          ERM (2018).  South East New Territories (SENT) Landfill Extension: Environmental Monitoring & Audit Manual

([2])          ERM (2007).  South East New Territories (SENT) Landfill Extension – Feasibility Study: Environmental Impact Assessment Report